CAREER: Genomic, transcriptomic, and developmental drivers of thermal adaptation among natural populations of Drosophila

职业：果蝇自然种群热适应的基因组、转录组和发育驱动因素

• 批准号: 1750322
• 负责人: Brent Lockwood
• 金额: $ 105.41万
• 依托单位: University of Vermont & State Agricultural College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1750322&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Genomic; transcriptomic; developmental; drivers

Extreme temperature can kill thermally sensitive individuals in a population and lead to the evolution of thermal tolerance, because only thermally tolerant individuals survive and reproduce under these conditions. Young individuals may be particularly vulnerable to thermal stress, but there is a gap in knowledge about how effects of thermal stress experienced early in life impact later life stages, and how such developmental constraints affect thermal adaptation. This project will uncover the genes and cellular processes that have evolved to enable natural populations of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to survive and thrive across a wide range of thermal environments across the globe. This research is important because it will characterize how organisms respond to environmental change during their lifetimes and how populations respond to environmental selection over longer evolutionary time scales. The results from this project will advance the fields of ecological and evolutionary physiology. This project will have broad societal impacts through the training of the next generation of scientists from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and through dissemination of science to the public by producing an educational video about physiological change in relation to environmental change. The objective of this project is to reveal evolved mechanisms of thermal tolerance across life stages among natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. In oviparous animals with external embryonic development, embryos are vulnerable to changes in temperature because they are directly exposed to the external environment, have low thermal tolerance, and cannot behaviorally avoid extreme conditions. Thus, thermal selection is likely to target the embryonic life stage. Accordingly, embryos of tropical populations of D. melanogaster are more heat tolerant than embryos of temperate populations, whereas adult heat tolerance is the same across populations around the globe. Yet, it is not known how tropical embryos physiologically cope with extreme heat. To fill this gap in knowledge, the project will integrate genomic mapping, transcriptomics, protein biochemistry, and confocal fluorescence microscopy to identify the genetic and physiological bases of divergence in embryonic thermal tolerance among temperate and tropical populations. This CAREER award will integrate research and educational goals to (1) develop assessment tools of undergraduate student performance in scientific reasoning, (2) train a postdoctoral associate as a teacher-scholar, and (3) create an online science educational video on the physiology of environmental change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

极端的温度可以杀死种群中对热敏感的个体，并导致耐热性的进化，因为只有耐热性的个体才能在这种条件下生存和繁殖。年轻个体可能特别容易受到热应激的影响，但关于生命早期经历的热应激如何影响生命后期，以及这种发育限制如何影响热适应的知识还存在空白。该项目将揭示基因和细胞过程的进化，使果蝇的自然种群能够在全球范围内广泛的热环境中生存和茁壮成长。这项研究很重要，因为它将描述生物体在其一生中如何应对环境变化，以及种群在更长的进化时间尺度上如何应对环境选择。该项目的研究成果将推动生态生理学和进化生理学领域的发展。通过培训来自不同社会经济背景的下一代科学家，并通过制作与环境变化有关的生理变化的教育视频向公众传播科学，该项目将产生广泛的社会影响。本研究旨在揭示黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）自然种群在不同生命阶段耐热性的进化机制。在体外胚胎发育的卵生动物中，由于胚胎直接暴露于外部环境，其耐热性较低，无法在行为上避免极端条件，因此胚胎易受温度变化的影响。因此，热选择很可能针对胚胎生命阶段。因此，热带种群的胚胎比温带种群的胚胎更具耐热性，而全球种群的成虫耐热性是相同的。然而，尚不清楚热带胚胎在生理上如何应对极端高温。为了填补这一知识空白，该项目将整合基因组图谱、转录组学、蛋白质生物化学和共聚焦荧光显微镜，以确定温带和热带种群之间胚胎耐热性差异的遗传和生理基础。该职业奖将整合研究和教育目标，以(1)开发本科生科学推理表现的评估工具，(2)培养一名教师学者博士后，以及(3)创建一个关于环境变化生理学的在线科学教育视频。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。