CAREER: Asymmetry of microtubule dynamics in plant cytokinesis: the role of microtubule-nucleating protein MACET1

职业：植物胞质分裂中微管动力学的不对称性：微管成核蛋白 MACET1 的作用

• 批准号: 1751204
• 负责人: Andrei Smertenko
• 金额: $ 96.65万
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-02-01 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1751204&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Asymmetry; microtubule; dynamics; plant

The ability of plants to transition successfully from a marine to land environment required evolutionary advances in cellular activity, including a novel mechanism of cell division. The ability to understand, predict, and regulate this mechanism could have broad scientific and economic impacts. For example, the vascular cambium influences overall plant growth and is produced through the division of unusually large precursor cells. These divisions are known to rely on the expansion of a plant-specific structure termed the phragmoplast; however, a detailed understanding of phragmoplast expansion is lacking. This CAREER project will fill this knowledge gap using a combination of laboratory experiments and mathematical modeling and will provide foundational knowledge for increasing the rate of cell division, and subsequently wood yield, in trees that are grown for industrial biomass. Although the need for timber has grown by 36% over the past 25 years, forestland continues to shrink and developed countries depend heavily on imports from tropical zones. Bio-engineered trees with faster growth rates has the potential to increase production of timber as a renewable material in the US with additional benefits coming through increased sequestration of carbon dioxide. Cutting-edge concepts of this research will be integrated into an educational program for students that attend regional Native American high schools and nearby Lewis Clark State College (ID) and Walla Walla Community College (WA). The program will introduce the importance of plants as a natural resource; promote STEM education; and encourage careers in STEM-related professions. The expansion of the phragmoplast centrifugally is critically dependent on the dynamic and asymmetrical behavior of microtubules. The PI has identified the protein MACET, which is specific to embryophytes, promotes microtubule nucleation, exhibits asymmetrical localization in the phragmoplast, and facilitates phragmoplast expansion. This discovery provides an exciting entry point for further studies to unravel the regulation of phragmoplast asymmetry. In this CAREER project, the PI will use a combination of approaches in genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology to characterize MACET function(s) in cytokinesis. In addition, the role of MACET in asymmetrical microtubule dynamics in the phragmoplast will be determined using quantitative live cell imaging and mathematical modeling. These approaches will advance our understanding of the basic rules that govern the construction of highly complex, but transient intracellular structures. As organisms rely on mechanisms that facilitate the irregular distribution of matter and energy to meet biological needs, understanding phragmoplast asymmetry would unravel another facet of the governing principles of life.

植物成功地从海洋环境过渡到陆地环境的能力需要细胞活动的进化进展，包括一种新的细胞分裂机制。理解、预测和调控这一机制的能力可能会产生广泛的科学和经济影响。例如，维管形成层影响植物的整体生长，并通过异常大的前体细胞的分裂产生。众所周知，这些分裂依赖于一种被称为膜质的植物特有结构的扩张；然而，对膜质扩张缺乏详细的了解。这个职业项目将通过结合实验室实验和数学建模来填补这一知识空白，并将为提高用于工业生物质种植的树木的细胞分裂率和随后的木材产量提供基础知识。尽管过去25年对木材的需求增长了36%，但林地继续萎缩，发达国家严重依赖从热带地区进口木材。生长速度更快的生物工程树木有可能增加美国木材作为一种可再生材料的产量，并通过增加二氧化碳的封存来带来额外的好处。这项研究的前沿概念将被整合到一个教育项目中，供就读于地区美洲原住民高中和附近的刘易斯·克拉克州立学院(ID)和瓦拉社区学院(WA)的学生使用。该计划将介绍植物作为一种自然资源的重要性；促进STEM教育；并鼓励从事与STEM相关的职业。微管的动态和不对称行为在很大程度上决定了成膜细胞的离心性扩张。PI已经确定了MACET蛋白，它是胚芽细胞特有的，促进微管成核，在成膜体中表现出不对称的定位，并促进成膜体的扩张。这一发现为进一步研究隔膜不对称的调节提供了一个令人兴奋的切入点。在这个职业项目中，PI将结合遗传学、生物化学和细胞生物学的方法来描述Macet在细胞质分裂中的功能(S)。此外，MACET在非对称微管动力学中的作用将通过定量活细胞成像和数学建模来确定。这些方法将促进我们对管理高度复杂但短暂的细胞内结构构建的基本规则的理解。由于生物体依赖于促进物质和能量不规则分布的机制来满足生物需求，理解膜质不对称将揭开生命支配原则的另一个方面。

项目成果

Identification and characterization of the land-plant-specific microtubule nucleation factor MACET4

• DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232819
• 发表时间: 2019-06-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Schmidt，Sharol;Smertenko，Andrei
• 通讯作者: Smertenko，Andrei

The microtubule-nucleating factor MACERATOR tethers AUGMIN7 to microtubules and governs phragmoplast architecture

• DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad304
• 发表时间: 2023-12-11
• 期刊: PLANT CELL
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Schmidt-Marcec，Sharol;Parish，Alyssa;Smertenko，Andrei
• 通讯作者: Smertenko，Andrei

Phosphoinositides Break Microtubule Dynamics Symmetry in the Phragmoplast

磷酸肌醇破坏成膜体中的微管动力学对称性

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.03.002
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Trends in Cell Biology
• 影响因子: 19
• 作者: Smertenko, Andrei