Collaborative Research: Evolving Hemispheric Albedo Asymmetry
合作研究:不断演变的半球反照率不对称性
基本信息
- 批准号:2233674
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 2.22万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2023
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2023-02-01 至 2026-01-31
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The albedo of the earth, meaning the fraction of incident sunlight that earth reflects back to space, is a critical control on the temperature of the planet, as higher albedo means less solar heating of the earth. Planetary albedo is a composite quantity determined by the reflection of sunlight from the relatively dark and thus low albedo ocean surface, lighter and thus higher albedo land surfaces, and the even higher albedos of snow and ice covered surfaces. Clouds add another layer of complexity as bright reflective clouds form intermittently over darker land and ocean. The complexity of planetary albedo is a challenge for efforts to determine the warming effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) increases since warming can cause a decrease in albedo, say due to the replacement of high-albedo sea ice with lower albedo ocean surface, which in turn can substantially enhance the GHG warming.Recent work shows that the albedos of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are uncannily close: the sunlight received in each hemisphere is the same averaged over the year, and the amount reflected back to space is 99.7 watts per square meter in the Southern Hemisphere and 99.6 in the Northern Hemisphere (the resulting planetary albedo is about 29%). The sameness occurs despite the higher albedo of the Northern Hemisphere due to its larger land area, which yields a difference in hemispheric reflected sunlight of about 6 watts per square meter under clear skies. This difference must be compensated by clouds, and the work of Datseris and Stevens (2021) shows that the compensation is largely occurring over the middle- and high-latitude oceans, as the Southern Ocean is cloudier than the northern Pacific and Atlantic by about 11%. Datseris and Stevens also show that while planetary albedo has decreased appreciably over the past two decades the Northern and Southern Hemispheres have seen equivalent reductions, thereby retaining their "albedo symmetry". There is no theory for why clouds should compensate for surface albedo differences, and it is of course possible that the albedo symmetry of the recent record is a coincidence and not the result of a global-scale adjustment mechanism.Work under this award seeks to determine if an adjustment mechanism exists and if so to develop a theory for it. In addition to observational data from satellite missions and reanalysis products the work takes advantage of large ensembles of model simulations including simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and a recent perturbed physics ensemble (PPE) created using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM, the atmospheric component model of CESM, the Community Earth System Model). Results from analysis of these models are used to design additional simulations created with CAM, CESM, and a simplified version of CESM in which the ocean component model is replaced by a thermodynamic "slab" which simulates ocean heat storage but not ocean circulation. The work is of societal as well as scientific interest given the potentially large role that albedo changes could play in determining how much warming is caused by a given increase in GHG concentrations. A theory of albedo adjustment operating through cloud processes and on a global basis could provide valuable guidance in anticipating the magnitude of future climate change. The project also provides support and training for two graduate students, thereby providing for the future scientific work force in this research area. Undergraduate students are also involved in the project as summer interns.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
地球的反射率,即地球反射回太空的入射阳光的比例,是控制地球温度的关键因素,因为较高的反射率意味着较少的太阳能加热地球。 行星反照率是一个综合量,由太阳光从相对较暗因而反照率较低的海洋表面,较轻因而反照率较高的陆地表面,以及更高反照率的冰雪覆盖表面的反射决定。 云增加了另一层复杂性,因为明亮的反射云在较暗的陆地和海洋上间歇性地形成。 全球暖化的复杂性对确定温室气体(GHG)增加的变暖效应的努力是一个挑战,因为变暖可能导致暖化减少,例如由于高暖化海冰被低暖化海洋表面取代,这反过来又会大大增强GHG变暖。最近的研究表明,北方和南半球的暖化惊人地接近:每一个半球接收到的太阳光在一年中的平均值是相同的,反射回太空的量在南半球为每平方米99.7瓦,在北方半球为每平方米99.6瓦(由此产生的行星反射率约为29%)。 尽管北方半球由于其较大的陆地面积而具有较高的日照强度,但在晴朗的天空下,其半球反射的阳光的差异约为每平方米6瓦。这种差异必须通过云来补偿,Datseris和Stevens(2021)的工作表明,这种补偿主要发生在中纬度和高纬度海洋,因为南大洋的云比北方太平洋和大西洋多11%。 Datseris和Stevens还表明,虽然行星的轨道在过去20年中明显减少,但北方和南半球的轨道也减少了,从而保持了它们的“轨道对称性”。 没有理论解释为什么云应该补偿表面的辐射差异,当然,最近的记录中的对称性也可能是一种巧合,而不是全球性的结果,比例尺调整机制。该奖项的工作旨在确定是否存在调整机制,如果存在,则为其开发理论。除了来自卫星任务的观测数据和再分析产品外,该工作还需要大型模型模拟集合的优势,包括耦合模型相互比较项目的模拟和最近使用社区大气模型(CAM,CESM的大气成分模型,社区地球系统模型)创建的扰动物理系综(PPE)。 从这些模型的分析结果被用来设计额外的模拟创建CAM,CESM,和一个简化版本的CESM,其中海洋组件模型被替换为热力学“板”,模拟海洋储热,但不是海洋环流。这项工作具有社会和科学意义,因为在确定温室气体浓度增加造成的变暖程度方面,温室气体的变化可能发挥很大的作用。通过云的过程和在全球基础上运作的一种新的调整理论可以为预测未来气候变化的幅度提供有价值的指导。 该项目还为两名研究生提供支持和培训,从而为这一研究领域的未来科学工作者提供支持。 本科生也作为暑期实习生参与该项目。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Daniel McCoy其他文献
Preliminary Feasibility Evaluation of a mHealth App to Promote Physical Activity in Manual Wheelchair Users
- DOI:
10.1016/j.apmr.2022.12.129 - 发表时间:
2023-03-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Zijian Huang;Daniel McCoy;Rosemarie Cooper;Theresa Crytzer;Dan Ding - 通讯作者:
Dan Ding
Meteorology Modulates the Impact of GCM Horizontal Resolution on Underestimation of Midlatitude Ocean Wind Speeds
气象学调节 GCM 水平分辨率对中纬度海洋风速低估的影响
- DOI:
10.1029/2024gl108512 - 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.2
- 作者:
Geethma Werapitiya;Daniel McCoy;Gregory Elsaesser;Paul Field;Stefan Rahimi - 通讯作者:
Stefan Rahimi
Daniel McCoy的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Daniel McCoy', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Effects of Air Turbulence and Snowflake Morphology on Snow Fall Speed
合作研究:空气湍流和雪花形态对降雪速度的影响
- 批准号:
1822268 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 2.22万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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Cell Research
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- 批准号:10774081
- 批准年份:2007
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- 项目类别:面上项目
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