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CAREER: An integrated molecular and physiological approach to examining the dynamics of upwelled phytoplankton in current and changing oceans

职业：一种综合的分子和生理方法来检查当前和变化的海洋中上升的浮游植物的动态

基本信息

批准号：
1751805
负责人：
Adrian Marchetti
金额：
$ 97.79万
依托单位：
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-05-01 至 2024-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1751805&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER integrated molecular physiological approach

项目摘要

Upwelling zones are hotspots of photosynthesis that are very dynamic in space and time. Microsocopic algae, known as phytoplankton, bloom when deep, nutrient-rich waters are upwelled into sunlit surface layers of the ocean, providing nourishment that supports productive food webs and draws down carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere to the deep ocean. Photosynthetic microbes in these regions must constantly adapt to changes in their chemical and physical environments. For example, subsurface populations respond to changes in light as they approach the surface. When upwelled waters move offshore, cells sink out of the illuminated zone, establishing seed populations that remain inactive until the next upwelling event. This process is called the upwelling conveyor belt cycle (UCBC). How phytoplankton respond to these changes in environmental conditions and how they may influence their nutrient requirements remains unknown. With future ocean changes predicted to alter seawater chemistry, including ocean acidification and decreased iron availability, some phytoplankton groups may be more vulnerable than others. Accompanying educational activities provide learning experiences to enhance understanding and awareness of marine microbes. The development of a research hub at UNC aims to provide infrastructure and support for scientists and students conducting research on environmental genomics. A laboratory component for an upper-level undergraduate course focused on marine phytoplankton is being developed. Educational outreach activities to broader communities include creation of a lesson plan on phytoplankton in upwelling zones and a virtual research cruise experience for middle-school students, as well as a hands-on lab activity for a local museum focused on marine phytoplankton and the important roles they play in shaping our planet. The project examines how phytoplankton respond at the molecular and physiological level to the different UCBC stages, which seed populations (i.e., surface versus subsurface) contribute most to phytoplankton blooms during upwelling events of varying intensity, how phytoplankton elemental compositions are altered throughout UCBC stages, and how future predicted ocean conditions will affect the phytoplankton responses to UCBC conditions. This project contains both laboratory and fieldwork. In the laboratory, phytoplankton isolates recently obtained from upwelling regions are exposed to simulated UCBC conditions to examine changes in gene expression, growth and photosynthetic characteristics and elemental composition. Cultures are subjected to both current and future ocean conditions, including reduced iron availability and higher CO2. In the field, research cruises within upwelling regions study the dynamics of natural phytoplankton communities (both surface and subsurface) experiencing upwelling and relaxation and within simulated upwelling incubation experiments. Knowledge of how phytoplankton are affected by UCBC conditions at an integrated molecular, physiological and elemental level under both current and future scenarios is imperative for the proper conservation and management of these critically important ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

上升流区是光合作用的热点，在空间和时间上都是非常动态的。当富含营养的深层海水上涌到阳光照射的海洋表层时，被称为浮游植物的微观藻类会大量繁殖，提供营养，支持多产的食物网，并将大气中的二氧化碳吸收到深海中。这些地区的光合微生物必须不断适应化学和物理环境的变化。例如，地下种群在接近地表时对光线的变化做出反应。当上升流向近海移动时，细胞下沉到光照区之外，形成种子种群，直到下一次上升流事件发生时才开始活动。这个过程被称为上升流输送带循环（UCBC）。浮游植物如何对这些环境条件的变化作出反应，以及它们如何影响它们的营养需求仍然未知。据预测，未来的海洋变化将改变海水化学，包括海洋酸化和铁的可用性降低，一些浮游植物群可能比其他浮游植物群更容易受到伤害。随附的教育活动提供了学习经验，以提高对海洋微生物的了解和认识。北卡罗来纳大学研究中心的发展旨在为进行环境基因组学研究的科学家和学生提供基础设施和支持。正在为一门以海洋浮游植物为重点的高级本科课程开发一个实验室部分。面向更广泛社区的教育拓展活动包括：为中学生创建关于上升流区浮游植物的课程计划、虚拟邮轮研究体验，以及为当地一家博物馆提供实践实验活动，重点关注海洋浮游植物及其在塑造我们的星球中所扮演的重要角色。该项目研究了浮游植物如何在分子和生理水平上对不同的UCBC阶段做出反应，在不同强度的上升流事件中，哪些种子种群（即表层与地下）对浮游植物的繁殖贡献最大，浮游植物元素组成如何在整个UCBC阶段发生变化，以及未来预测的海洋条件将如何影响浮游植物对UCBC条件的反应。这个项目包括实验室和实地工作。在实验室中，将最近从上升流地区获得的浮游植物分离株暴露于模拟UCBC条件下，以检查基因表达，生长和光合特性以及元素组成的变化。培养物受到当前和未来海洋条件的影响，包括铁的可用性降低和二氧化碳含量升高。在野外，研究游船在上升流区域内研究自然浮游植物群落（包括地表和地下）经历上升流和放松的动态以及模拟上升流孵化实验。了解浮游植物如何在当前和未来的综合分子、生理和元素水平上受到UCBC条件的影响，对于这些至关重要的生态系统的适当保护和管理至关重要。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。