Collaborative Research: Reverberating Responses to Trophic Cascades across Ecosystems: from Land to Streams and Back Again

合作研究：对跨生态系统营养级联的回响反应：从陆地到溪流，然后再返回

• 批准号: 1754224
• 负责人: Colden Baxter
• 金额: $ 40.49万
• 依托单位: Idaho State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-01 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754224&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Reverberating; Responses; Trophic

The many interconnected relationships between predators and prey in a food web can link seemingly distant organisms and processes. This study explores how the influence of top predators in a terrestrial environment is linked across ecosystem boundaries to impact primary production and food webs in aquatic environments. This study also explores how aquatic ecosystem responses to predators can reverberate back out of the stream to impact terrestrial predators that rely on the export of emerging adult insects from the stream. Cross-ecosystem food web connections will be studied at three different National Parks (Zion, Rocky Mountain, and Yellowstone National Parks), thereby providing replication at large spatial scales and leveraging the opportunities that National Parks provide to educate the public about food web ecology and the role of top predators in structuring our ecosystems. This research will be the first of its kind to investigate reverberating effects of trophic cascades whereby indirect effects may cross ecosystem boundaries (terrestrial to aquatic) and then subsequently reverberate back to animals and plants in the original ecosystem (aquatic back to terrestrial). This work will provide a more complete picture of how the loss of top predatory species worldwide may be indirectly influencing many distantly connected species.Previous investigations have demonstrated the indirect role of top predators (e.g., wolves in Yellowstone Park and mountain lions in Zion National Park) in control of riparian vegetation along streams. In addition, streams and riparian zones are connected by well-understood processes of material and organism exchange, making them ideal systems to identify and quantify trophic reverberations. The study will be conducted in streams and adjacent riparian zones and will encompass (1) streamside ungulate browsing and riparian plant communities, (2) community composition and abundance of in-stream biota, quantification of terrestrial fluxes (organic matter and invertebrate) fluxes to streams, and diets of stream biota, and (3) emergent adult aquatic insects in the riparian zone and the response of spiders and bats. These riparian insectivores serve as a bellwether for changes in stream insect emergence and stream-riparian linkages. In each park, replicate study sites will be established along streams with and without controls on ungulate browsing of riparian woody vegetation. By comparing within and across three national parks, this study will yield a greater understanding of how community and landscape context may mediate the strength, or even sign, of reverberating responses to terrestrial top-down control of ungulate browsing.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在食物链中，捕食者和猎物之间的许多相互关联的关系可以将看似遥远的生物和过程联系在一起。这项研究探索了陆地环境中顶级捕食者的影响是如何跨越生态系统边界影响水环境中的初级生产和食物网的。这项研究还探索了水生生态系统对捕食者的反应如何从溪流中反射回来，以影响依赖溪流中新出现的成虫出口的陆地捕食者。将在三个不同的国家公园(锡安、落基山和黄石国家公园)研究跨生态系统的食物网络连接，从而在大空间范围内提供复制，并利用国家公园提供的机会教育公众关于食物网络生态和顶级捕食者在构建生态系统中的作用。这项研究将是第一次调查营养级联的反响效应，即间接影响可能跨越生态系统边界(陆地到水生)，然后回响到原始生态系统中的动植物(水生回到陆地)。这项工作将提供一个更完整的图景，说明全球顶级捕食性物种的丧失如何间接影响许多遥远的物种。以前的调查已经证明，顶级捕食者(例如，黄石公园的狼和锡安国家公园的美洲狮)在控制溪流沿岸植被方面发挥了间接作用。此外，溪流和河岸带通过众所周知的物质和生物交换过程连接在一起，使它们成为识别和量化营养反射的理想系统。这项研究将在溪流和邻近的河岸带进行，内容包括(1)溪边有蹄类觅食和河岸植物群落，(2)溪流中生物群的群落组成和丰度，对流入溪流的陆源通量(有机质和无脊椎动物)通量的量化，以及溪流生物群的饮食，以及(3)河岸带新出现的成年水生昆虫以及蜘蛛和蝙蝠的反应。这些河岸食虫动物是溪流昆虫出现和溪流-河岸联系变化的风向标。在每个公园中，将沿着溪流建立重复的研究地点，无论是否控制河岸木本植物的有蹄类觅食。通过在三个国家公园内和之间进行比较，这项研究将更好地理解社区和景观环境如何调节对陆地自上而下控制有蹄类动物的反应的强度，甚至是信号。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Reverberating effects of resource exchanges in stream–riparian food webs

• DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04574-y
• 发表时间: 2019-12
• 期刊: Oecologia
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: S. Collins;C. Baxter;Amy M. Marcarelli;L. Felicetti;Scott T. Florin;M. Wipfli;G. Servheen

Magnitude and direction of stream–forest community interactions change with timescale

溪流与森林群落互动的幅度和方向随时间尺度的变化而变化

• DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3064
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Marcarelli, Amy M.;Baxter, Colden V.;Benjamin, Joseph R.;Miyake, Yo;Murakami, Masashi;Fausch, Kurt D.;Nakano, Shigeru
• 通讯作者: Nakano, Shigeru

Multiple lines of evidence reveal complex rainbow trout responses to stream habitat enhancements

多项证据揭示了虹鳟鱼对溪流栖息地改善的复杂反应

• DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13592
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Freshwater Biology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Collins, Scott F.;Baxter, Colden V.
• 通讯作者: Baxter, Colden V.