权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

The Role of Mating System Divergence in Plant Speciation

交配系统分歧在植物物种形成中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
1754246
负责人：
David Moeller
金额：
$ 97.48万
依托单位：
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754246&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Role Mating System Divergence Plant

项目摘要

Understanding the formation of new species, the process of speciation, is among the most challenging problems in evolutionary biology. Rates of speciation vary widely among flowering plants and are strongly associated with the degree of reproduction via self-fertilization versus mating with other individuals (known as the plant 'mating system'). This project integrates new evolutionary theory, field and laboratory experiments, and genomic analyses to test key hypotheses about the role of mating system changes in plant speciation. The project investigates the processes that determine where and when strong barriers to mating occur. It will clarify whether evolutionary changes in rates of self-fertilization directly promote reproductive isolation between diverging species. The experimental work focuses on two subspecies of the California annual plant, Clarkia xantiana, which differ in mating system. One subspecies is primarily self-fertilizing the other is primarily outcrossing. These plants are ideal for study because they exhibit features of newly formed species. However, they have only recently diverged and can still interbreed. Moreover, their flowers are substantially different where they co-occur, a signature of the speciation process. The proposed work will also involve extensive outreach to the public via an innovative program called, 'Market Science', where researchers present topics to and engage directly with the public at local farmers' markets. This highly successful program will be expanded to include new topics on evolutionary biology. The proposed project will also directly involve undergraduates in authentic research in the classroom.The proposed work address three primary objectives. Aim 1 examines the role of natural selection in the evolution of reproductive character displacement between sister outcrossing and selfing lineages. This work involves the development of novel theoretical models of character displacement that incorporate divergence in mating system. It also involves large-scale field experiments that quantify the role of individual traits in conferring reproductive isolation and determine their genetic basis. Aim 2 examines the ecological and genetic costs of hybrid formation between sister outcrossing and selfing lineages. This work involves field experiments and genomic analyses that quantify the reproductive fitness of hybrids. Aim 3 synthesizes Aims 1 and 2 by asking about how reproductive isolating mechanisms collectively influence genome-wide patterns of variation and introgression between the two taxa. This integrative work will advance evolutionary research by calling attention to the potential for mating system to influence speciation broadly in nature.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解新物种的形成，即物种形成的过程，是进化生物学中最具挑战性的问题之一。开花植物之间的物种形成率差异很大，并且与通过自体受精与与其他个体交配（称为植物“交配系统”）的繁殖程度密切相关。该项目整合了新的进化理论、现场和实验室实验以及基因组分析，以测试有关交配系统变化在植物物种形成中的作用的关键假设。该项目研究了决定交配强烈障碍何时何地发生的过程。它将阐明自体受精率的进化变化是否直接促进了不同物种之间的生殖隔离。实验工作重点关注加州一年生植物 Clarkia xantiana 的两个亚种，它们的交配系统不同。一个亚种主要是自体受精，另一个亚种主要是异交。这些植物非常适合研究，因为它们表现出新形成物种的特征。然而，它们最近才出现分歧，仍然可以杂交。此外，它们同时出现的花朵也有很大不同，这是物种形成过程的标志。拟议的工作还将通过一项名为“市场科学”的创新计划向公众进行广泛的宣传，研究人员在当地农贸市场向公众提出主题并直接与公众互动。这个非常成功的项目将扩展到包括进化生物学的新主题。拟议的项目还将直接让本科生在课堂上进行真实的研究。拟议的工作涉及三个主要目标。目标 1 研究自然选择在姐妹异交和自交谱系之间生殖性状位移进化中的作用。这项工作涉及开发新的角色位移理论模型，其中包含交配系统的分歧。它还涉及大规模的现场实验，量化个体性状在赋予生殖隔离中的作用并确定其遗传基础。目标 2 检查姐妹异交和自交谱系之间杂交形成的生态和遗传成本。这项工作涉及现场实验和基因组分析，以量化杂种的繁殖适应性。目标 3 通过询问生殖隔离机制如何共同影响两个类群之间的全基因组变异和基因渗入模式，综合了目标 1 和 2。这项综合工作将通过引起人们对交配系统广泛影响自然界物种形成的潜力的关注来推进进化研究。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。