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Collaborative Research: How do shifts from migratory to sedentary behavior alter host-parasite dynamics?

合作研究：从迁徙行为到久坐行为的转变如何改变宿主-寄生虫动态？

基本信息

批准号：
1754392
负责人：
Sonia Altizer
金额：
$ 42.33万
依托单位：
University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-06-01 至 2024-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754392&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research How do shifts

项目摘要

Every year, billions of animals migrate long distances. If animals with parasites are less likely to reach their destinations, then migration may allow populations to escape habitats where parasites build up over time. Understanding how animal migration affects the spread of disease is important to predicting disease risk, including to humans. This study focuses on monarch butterflies as a model system and explores the impacts of parasites on butterfly populations that migrate and populations that have recently lost their migratory habits. This study will also examine how non-migrating populations may influence the risk of having parasites by the migrating forms in areas where they come together. Field and experimental studies will also examine how these microscopic parasites influence how long butterflies live and their flight ability. Through the high visibility and public appeal of monarchs, this project will support the participation of citizen scientists on a continental scale. The investigators will also mentor and train undergraduate and graduate students and will develop web and classroom based educational materials on host-parasite relationships and animal migration. This work will provide additional opportunities for middle school students and support k-12 activities. Finally, this work will inform efforts to conserve monarch butterflies and our understanding of how migration may influence the importance of parasites across many systems. Using a monarch butterflies and protozoan parasite system, the goal of this study is to examine how migratory and sedentary behaviors influence transmission risk and severity of infection. Research activities will integrate (i) an analysis of continent-wide citizen science databases to monitor monarch butterfly abundance and infection; (ii) field and experimental studies to test how monarch migratory behavior depends on non-native milkweeds and infection status, and to quantify parasite transmission rates; (iii) molecular genomics to ask whether genetic changes in sedentary populations might reinforce the loss of migratory behavior; and (iv) mathematical modeling to track how host and parasite populations respond to migratory vs. sedentary strategies. Information on the mixing of non-migrants and migrants, inferred from stable isotope analyses of field-collected monarchs, will inform mathematical models of interacting sedentary and migratory populations, to explore the consequences for disease spread and the persistence of migratory populations. The project will develop theory for how overlapping migration strategies alter, and are themselves affected by, parasite infection, and will shed light on the evolution of migration by characterizing genetic changes that accompany the recent formation of sedentary populations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

每年都有数十亿的动物长途迁徙。如果携带寄生虫的动物不太可能到达目的地，那么迁徙可能使种群逃离寄生虫随着时间的推移而积聚的栖息地。了解动物迁徙如何影响疾病传播对于预测疾病风险（包括对人类的风险）非常重要。本研究以帝王蝶为模型系统，探讨寄生虫对迁徙和新近失去迁徙习性的蝴蝶种群的影响。这项研究还将研究非迁徙种群在它们聚集的地区如何通过迁徙形式影响寄生虫的风险。实地和实验研究也将研究这些微观寄生虫如何影响蝴蝶的寿命和飞行能力。通过君主的高知名度和公众吸引力，该项目将支持大陆范围内公民科学家的参与。研究人员还将指导和培训本科生和研究生，并将开发基于网络和课堂的关于宿主-寄生虫关系和动物迁徙的教育材料。这项工作将为中学生提供额外的机会，并支持k-12活动。最后，这项工作将为保护帝王蝶的努力提供信息，并使我们了解迁移如何影响许多系统中寄生虫的重要性。利用帝王蝶和原生动物寄生虫系统，本研究的目的是研究迁徙和久坐行为如何影响感染的传播风险和严重程度。研究活动将整合(1)对全大陆公民科学数据库的分析，以监测帝王蝶的数量和感染；（ii）实地和实验研究，以测试黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙行为如何取决于非本地乳草和感染状况，并量化寄生虫传播率；（iii）分子基因组学，探究久坐人群的遗传变化是否会加剧迁徙行为的丧失；(4)建立数学模型，跟踪宿主和寄生虫种群对迁徙和定居策略的反应。从野外采集的黑脉金斑蝶的稳定同位素分析中推断出的关于非迁徙者和迁徙者混合的信息，将为定居种群和迁徙种群相互作用的数学模型提供信息，以探索疾病传播和迁徙种群持续存在的后果。该项目将发展关于重叠迁移策略如何改变和自身受寄生虫感染影响的理论，并将通过描述伴随近期定居人口形成的遗传变化来阐明迁移的演变。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。