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Physiology and Genomic architecture of fine-scale adaptation

精细适应的生理学和基因组结构

基本信息

批准号：
1754437
负责人：
Douglas Crawford
金额：
$ 94.51万
依托单位：
University of Miami
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-07-01 至 2023-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754437&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Physiology Genomic architecture fine scale

项目摘要

Classically, the understanding of how genes influence resistance to environmental stress was based on the assumption that a few rare genes have large effects. An alternate idea is that there are many different genes that occur in many individuals, but each gene has a small effect. Adding up many genes of small effect ultimately results in a large response. This new idea changes the study of individual variation, its effects on human health, and the prediction about the future success of animals and plants. This research tests these ideas by comparing different populations exposed to different environmental stressors. Using these populations, the research team will determine the genetic differences among these populations and connect these genetic differences to physiological measurements. From these data, the team will determine the number of genes that influence the response to the environment and predict how individuals respond to environmental stress. The prediction is that there are a large number of genes that can alter an individual's response to environmental stress. If correct, this suggests that there are many different combinations of genes that work well to respond to the environment. Such a result would help resolve an unsolved question, why is genetic diversity so abundant in nature? Additionally, understanding, natural variation among healthy individuals will provide more accurate forecasts of how species will respond to a changing world. Finally, in addition to the research outcomes, the project will enhance educational opportunities for local community college students and train of graduate students in integrative organismal biology.How does adaption to stressful environments work, does it depend on new mutations or standing genetic variation, involve many loci of small effect or is it primarily due to a few genes of large effect? A better understanding of the nature of adaptation to the environment will provide more accurate predictions of how changing environments will affect species survival. For ecological and physiological processes, the classic hypothesis has been that adaptation involves one or a few genes, yet it seems likely that many genes affect fitness or biological processes that affect organisms' success. Although there is much debate, a potential major shift in our understanding of adaptive variation suggests that polygenic soft-sweeps involving many loci cause a selective advantage. Adaptation involving many loci is possible if many individuals carry alternative alleles in the ancestral population. With many alternative alleles at relatively high frequencies, adaptation is faster and less costly. The research proposed here will provide the necessary empirical data to address the frequency of polygenic soft-sweeps. In addition, the research will provide data to predict and quantify adaptive divergence. This research will specifically examine the temporal variation in high-throughput sequences among teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus occupying different microhabitats and combines these with measures of physiological processes (CTmax, hypoxic-CTmax and cardiac metabolism). The research team will follow cohorts through time that occupy different microhabitats. These data address two goals: 1) determine if significant allele frequency differences across microhabitats are due to the selective loss of individuals over a single season, and 2) examine physiological consequences of altered allele frequencies. This award was co-funded by the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems, the Division of Environmental Biology, and the Rules of Life Venture Fund within The Directorate for Biological Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

传统上，对基因如何影响对环境压力的抵抗力的理解是基于这样的假设，即少数罕见基因具有很大的影响。另一种观点是，在许多个体中存在许多不同的基因，但每个基因都有很小的影响。将许多影响小的基因加起来，最终会产生大的反应。这一新思想改变了对个体变异的研究，它对人类健康的影响，以及对动植物未来成功的预测。这项研究通过比较暴露在不同环境压力下的不同人群来验证这些想法。利用这些种群，研究小组将确定这些种群之间的遗传差异，并将这些遗传差异与生理测量相联系。从这些数据中，研究小组将确定影响对环境反应的基因数量，并预测个体如何应对环境压力。预测是有大量的基因可以改变个体对环境压力的反应。如果正确的话，这表明有许多不同的基因组合可以很好地对环境做出反应。这样的结果将有助于解决一个悬而未决的问题，为什么自然界中的遗传多样性如此丰富？此外，了解健康个体之间的自然变异将更准确地预测物种将如何应对不断变化的世界。最后，除了研究成果外，该项目还将增加当地社区学院学生的教育机会，并培养综合生物学的研究生。适应压力环境是如何工作的，它是否取决于新的突变或长期遗传变异，涉及许多小影响的基因座，还是主要取决于几个大影响的基因？更好地理解适应环境的本质将提供更准确的预测环境变化将如何影响物种的生存。对于生态和生理过程，经典的假设是，适应涉及一个或几个基因，但似乎可能有许多基因影响适应性或影响生物体成功的生物过程。虽然有很多争论，一个潜在的重大转变，在我们的理解适应性变化表明，多基因软扫描涉及许多位点的选择优势。如果许多个体在祖先群体中携带替代等位基因，那么涉及许多基因座的适应是可能的。由于有许多相对高频率的替代等位基因，适应速度更快，成本更低。这里提出的研究将提供必要的经验数据，以解决多基因软扫描的频率。此外，该研究还将为预测和量化适应性分歧提供数据。本研究将专门研究硬骨鱼Fundulus heteroclitus占据不同的微生境之间的高通量序列的时间变化，并结合这些措施的生理过程（CTmax，缺氧CTmax和心脏代谢）。研究小组将跟踪居住在不同微栖息地的人群。这些数据涉及两个目标：1）确定微生境中显著的等位基因频率差异是否是由于单个季节中个体的选择性损失，以及2）检查等位基因频率改变的生理后果。该奖项由生物科学理事会内的综合有机体系统部、环境生物学部和生命风险基金规则共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（17）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Effect of EBV-Transformation on Oxidative Phosphorylation Physiology in Human Cell lines

EBV 转化对人类细胞系氧化磷酸化生理学的影响

DOI：
10.1101/2019.12.16.878025
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
PloS one
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Weinstein, Rachel N.;Crawford, Douglas
通讯作者：
Crawford, Douglas

Genetic and biophysical modelling evidence of generational connectivity in the intensively exploited, Western North Atlantic red grouper (Epinephelus morio)

北大西洋西部红石斑鱼（Epinephelus morio）被广泛开发的世代连通性的遗传和生物物理模型证据

DOI：
10.1093/icesjms/fsz201
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
ICES Journal of Marine Science
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Bernard, Andrea M;Johnston, Matthew W;Pérez-Portela, Rocío;Oleksiak, Marjorie F;Coleman, Felicia C;Shivji, Mahmood S
通讯作者：
Shivji, Mahmood S

Marine Population Genomics: Challenges and Opportunities