ARTS: Uncovering the Desert Darkling Beetles (Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae): Phylogenomics, phenomics, and biogeography in a megadiverse global radiation

艺术：揭示沙漠暗甲虫（拟甲虫科：Pimeliinae）：全球辐射多样性中的系统基因组学、表型组学和生物地理学

• 批准号: 1754630
• 负责人: Aaron Smith
• 金额: $ 87.88万
• 依托单位: Northern Arizona University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-03-01 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ARTS; Uncovering; Desert; Darkling; Beetles

Desert darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae) are an incredibly diverse (8,000+ described species) but poorly studied group of organisms that are found across the world, particularly in desert environments. Indeed, many species have evolved to survive in some of the driest and hottest places on Earth, and form a key component of desert ecosystems. The subfamily includes well known species such as Namibian fog basking beetles (Onymacris unguicularis, used in biomimicry research) and the North American blue death-feigning beetle (Asbolus verrucosus), along with thousands of poorly known or still undescribed species. This research will describe hundreds of species new to science, explore where these beetles live and how they are related to each other across the planet, and investigate the various adaptations that have allowed these beetles to thrive and diversify across the world's deserts. This project will also train a postdoctoral researcher, two Ph.D. students, and approximately 15 undergraduate students, as well as facilitating collaborations and providing training to a diverse group of scientists from across the globe. Project participants will also be designing and leading hybrid courses between Northern Arizona University and Namibia's renowned Gobabeb Research Center, and working to enhance research collections in all participating institutions. This project will resolve centuries-old issues in our understanding of desert darkling beetles by 1) generating DNA data from recently collected and museum specimens using high-throughput sequencing and target enrichment methods to recover ~631 genetic loci for approximately 500 species across the Pimeliinae. Additionally, approximately 300 larval and adult morphological characters will be scored for each species. Morphological data will be combined with the molecular data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the subfamily. The resulting phylogeny will inform taxonomic decisions and help place current distributions and life histories within an evolutionary context. 2) Producing an Open Access electronic monograph of the subfamily using the mx/TaxonWorks bioinformatics platform and a matrix-based approach to coding and organizing morphological characters for descriptions, linked to the Coleoptera Anatomy Ontology (ColAO) to provide explicit definitions and images for anatomical terms. The monograph will include the first worldwide key to the Pimeliinae tribes and subtribes, images of specimens and characters, distribution maps, an extensive catalog of darkling beetle names and literature, and matrix-based descriptions. 3) Examining historical biogeography, diversification patterns, and adaptations to xeric conditions across the subfamily using the resulting phylogeny, over 20,000 georeferenced museum and modern specimens, and recently developed analytical tools for biogeographic analyses.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

沙漠暗色甲虫(鞘翅目：拟步甲科：斑腿甲亚科)是一种极其多样化的生物(描述了8000多种)，但对它们的研究很少，在世界各地都有发现，特别是在沙漠环境中。事实上，许多物种已经进化到在地球上一些最干燥和最炎热的地方生存，并形成了沙漠生态系统的关键组成部分。该亚科包括众所周知的物种，如纳米比亚雾栖甲虫(Onymacris unguularis，用于生物仿生学研究)和北美蓝色假装死亡的甲虫(Asbolus Verrucosus)，以及数千种鲜为人知或仍未描述的物种。这项研究将描述数百种新的科学物种，探索这些甲虫生活在哪里以及它们在地球上是如何相互关联的，并调查使这些甲虫在世界各地的沙漠中茁壮成长和多样化的各种适应。该项目还将培训一名博士后研究员、两名博士生和大约15名本科生，以及促进合作，并为来自全球各地的不同科学家群体提供培训。项目参与者还将设计和领导北亚利桑那大学和纳米比亚著名的戈巴比研究中心之间的混合课程，并努力加强所有参与机构的研究收藏。这个项目将通过1)使用高通量测序和靶标浓缩方法从最近收集的和博物馆标本中产生DNA数据，为整个Pimeliinae亚科大约500个物种恢复约631个遗传位点，从而解决我们对沙漠暗色甲虫的理解中的数百年来的问题。此外，每个物种还将对大约300个幼虫和成虫的形态特征进行评分。形态数据将与分子数据相结合，重建该亚家族的进化史。由此产生的系统发育将为分类决策提供信息，并有助于将当前的分布和生活史置于进化的背景下。2)使用MX/TaxonWorks生物信息学平台和基于矩阵的方法来编码和组织描述的形态特征，并链接到鞘翅目解剖学本体(COLAO)以提供解剖学术语的明确定义和图像，从而产生亚科的开放获取电子专著。这本专著将包括Pimeliinae部落和亚部落的第一个全球检索表、标本和特征的图像、分布图、大量的暗色甲虫名称和文献目录以及基于矩阵的描述。3)使用由此产生的系统发展史、20,000多个地理参考博物馆和现代标本以及最近开发的用于生物地理分析的分析工具，检查历史生物地理学、多样化模式和对整个亚科的干旱条件的适应性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Potential biodiversity map of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae): environmental characterization, land-uses and analyses of protection areas in Southern Patagonia

• DOI: 10.1007/s10841-019-00170-w
• 发表时间: 2019-07
• 期刊: Journal of Insect Conservation
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Y. M. Rosas;P. Peri;R. Carrara;G. Flores;J. Pedrana;G. M. Martínez Pastur

Molecular insights into the phylogeny of Blapstinina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Opatrini)

Blapstinina 系统发育的分子见解（鞘翅目：步甲科：Opatrini）

• DOI: 10.1111/syen.12398
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Systematic Entomology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Lumen, Ryan;Kanda, Kojun;Iwan, Dariusz;Smith, Aaron Dennis;Kaminski, Marcin Jan
• 通讯作者: Kaminski, Marcin Jan

Discovery of New Genera Challenges the Subtribal Classification of Tok-Tok Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Sepidiini)

新属的发现挑战了托克托克甲虫的亚部落分类（鞘翅目：拟甲虫科：Sepidiini）

• DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixab006
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Insect Systematics and Diversity
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Gearner, Olivia M;Kamiński, Marcin J;Kanda, Kojun;Swichtenberg, Kali;Smith, Aaron D
• 通讯作者: Smith, Aaron D

Ocnodes kruegeri (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a new species from Namaqualand, southern Africa, with nomenclatural notes on Sepidiini

Ocnodes kruegeri（鞘翅目：步甲科），来自南部非洲纳马夸兰的一个新种，带有 Sepidiini 的命名注释

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
• 作者: Kaminski, Marcin J;Müller, Ruth;Schawaller, Wolfgang;Gearner, Olivia M;Smith, Aaron D
• 通讯作者: Smith, Aaron D

A matrix-based revision of the genus Hypogena Dejean, 1834 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

基于矩阵的 Hypogena Dejean 属修订版，1834 年（鞘翅目：步甲科）

• DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4780.2.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Zootaxa
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: GREY, LUNA;SMITH, AARON D.
• 通讯作者: SMITH, AARON D.