IOS Proposal: RUI: Exploring range limits in the fiddler crab Uca pugnax using the Dynamic Energy Budget approach

海洋潮间带无脊椎动物每天都要与淹没和暴露的周期作斗争。随着地球变暖，海水和空气温度的上升将影响这些边缘居民的健康。本研究利用动态能量收支(DEB)模型研究了空气和水中食物供应和体温对泥蟹(Uca Pugnax)能量收支的影响，该蟹是一种丰富而有影响力的生态工程师。2014年，泥蟹首次出现在新罕布夏州的盐沼中，距离之前的北部范围界限以北80公里，随着北大西洋变暖，预计这种蟹将继续向北扩散。这一物种将对其入侵的生态系统产生巨大影响，因为它形成的密集群体往往超过100只/平方米，是一种强烈的生物扰动和多面手的海生猎物消费者。将开发一个模型来预测泥蟹在不同食物和体温条件下的能量权衡，这反过来又会影响它能够生存和繁殖的地方。在这项研究的第一年，将对当前物种范围进行野外和实验室调查，以确定标准的DEB预算参数，包括形状系数、空气和水中的Arrhenias温度、摄食率和同化率、维护成本、能量储备、结构能量含量和生长成本。该模型将进行修改，以适应双峰呼吸，这是生活在海陆界面的数千种物种以及一些淡水物种所共有的特征，如肺鱼和两栖动物。此外，将为该模型开发一个温度调节修正因子，以探索在非常热的日子里螃蟹撤退到洞穴以避免过热时中断进食所造成的能量成本。在第二年和第三年，DEB模型将被开发、测试并应用于不同环境条件下的能量限制和权衡问题，以及双峰呼吸对热耐力的影响。这笔资金将用于资助每年学年和夏季的研究机会，以及每年为6-8名本科生提供的数学生物学培训。芒特霍利奥克学院是一所主要为女性服务的本科生机构。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Marine intertidal invertebrates contend with daily cycles of submergence and exposure. As the planet warms, increases in both sea water and air temperature will impact the fitness of these fringe dwellers. This investigation uses Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) modelling to investigate the impact of food availability and body temperature in both air and water on the energy budget of the mud fiddler crab, Uca pugnax, an abundant and impactful ecosystem engineer. In 2014 mud fiddler crabs appeared for the first time in the salt marshes of New Hampshire, 80 km north of its previous northern range limit, and it is expected to continue to spread north as the north Atlantic warms. This species will have a large impact on the ecosystems it invades because it forms dense colonies that often exceed 100 individuals/m2 and is an intense bioturbator and generalist consumer of infaunal prey. A model will be developed to predict the energetic trade-offs made by mud fiddler crabs under different food and body temperature conditions, which in turn impacts where it can survive and reproduce. This model will be useful for predicting future species ranges for mud fiddler crabs and other intertidal species under different warming scenarios.In the first year of this study, field and laboratory investigations will be conducted across the current species range to determine standard DEB budget parameters, including the shape coefficient, Arrhenias temperatures in air and water, ingestion and assimilation rates, maintenance costs, energy reserves, structural energy content, and the costs of growth. The model will be modified for bimodal breathing, a trait shared by thousands of species living at the sea-land interface, as well as some freshwater species, like lungfish and amphibians. Furthermore, a thermoregulatory correction factor will be developed for the model to explore the energetic costs caused by interruptions in feeding on very hot days when crabs retreat to burrows to avoid overheating. In the second and third years, the DEB model will be developed, tested and applied to questions about energetic constraints and tradeoffs under different environmental conditions and the implications of bimodal breathing for thermal tolerance. This grant will fund academic year and summer research opportunities, as well as, training in mathematical biology for 6-8 undergraduates for each year of the grant from Mount Holyoke College, a primarily undergraduate institution serving women.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.