Collaborative Research: Expression and dynamics of reproductive tactics in a wild population of smallmouth bass

合作研究：野生小口黑鲈种群繁殖策略的表达和动态

• 批准号: 1755421
• 负责人: Daniel Wiegmann
• 金额: $ 10.14万
• 依托单位: Bowling Green State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1755421&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Expression; dynamics; reproductive

In many animals, reproducing males fall into distinct categories and the males in these categories can look quite different from one another. The hooknose and jack males in salmon populations are well-known examples, where hooknose males are big and aggressive while jacks are small and inconspicuous. These males exhibit what are called alternative reproductive tactics. Alternative reproductive tactics are typically not genetically inherited. They can depend on the environmental conditions a male experienced as he developed. The behavior of parents sometimes determines the tactic a male adopts and parental behavior can even cause their young to express the tactic opposite that of their parents. In general, alternative reproductive tactics are not well understood because it is difficult to follow multiple generations of animals and determine the conditions under which individuals develop before they reach adulthood. Project researchers will identify causes of alternative tactic expression in smallmouth bass - an economically important sport fish - from a previously collected, decade-long dataset where multiple generations of males were followed and detailed information on individual reproductive behavior was documented. Paternity analysis will identify fathers, sons, and grandsons and developmental conditions and individual growth will be determined from environmental data and scales which, like tree rings, record growth histories. Undergraduates from underrepresented groups in STEM and graduate students will be trained in genetics, genomics, bioinformatics and fisheries techniques. Results will be shared through an animated video made publicly available and distributed to resource managers and others to display where fishing licenses are sold.The realization that many, perhaps most, alternative reproductive tactics, or ARTs, depend on individual condition sparked a general interest in the proximate control of tactic expression and the ultimate control of tactic frequencies within populations. How ARTs coexist within a population is an evolutionary puzzle that is only partially resolved. ARTs were hypothesized to result from genetic differences amongst individuals, balanced by frequency-dependent selection, but appear to more generally depend on the developmental conditions an individual has experienced. ARTs fit into a broader category of investment strategies, which includes life history decisions, and are evolutionary solutions to reproductive competition that account for individual condition or status, products of an investment strategy that is contingent the social and environmental situations under which individuals have developed. In some instances, ARTs are controlled by non-genetic parental effects, which can influence the dynamics of ARTs and facilitate or impede adaptive evolutionary processes. Project researchers will detail ARTs in a population of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) where a non-genetic parental effect is hypothesized to cause tactic alternation within lineages, across generations. To detail parent and offspring tactic choices and test the genetic basis of tactic polymorphism RADSeq from preserved tissue samples will be used to generate thousands of SNPs across the genome and paternity analysis will be applied to trace male tactic choices in 240-381 lineages, across 1-5 generations. Developmental conditions and growth histories will be determined from field data and scale samples to identify environmental factors that exert proximate control over the expression of tactics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在许多动物中，繁殖的雄性动物分为不同的类别，这些类别的雄性动物看起来可能彼此非常不同。鲑鱼种群中的钩鼻和杰克雄性是众所周知的例子，钩鼻雄性体型较大，具有攻击性，而杰克较小，不引人注目。这些雄鸟表现出了所谓的另类生殖策略。另一种生殖策略通常不是遗传的。它们可能取决于雄性在发育过程中所经历的环境条件。父母的行为有时决定了雄性采取的策略，父母的行为甚至会导致他们的孩子表现出与父母相反的策略。一般来说，替代的生殖策略并不被很好地理解，因为很难跟踪多代动物并确定个体在成年前发育的条件。项目研究人员将从之前收集的长达十年的数据集中找出小口鲈鱼-一种重要的经济运动鱼-表达替代策略的原因，其中跟踪了多代雄性鱼，并记录了有关个体生殖行为的详细信息。亲子关系分析将确定父亲、儿子和孙子，发育状况和个人成长将根据环境数据和尺度确定，就像树木年轮一样，记录生长历史。来自STEM代表性不足群体的本科生和研究生将接受遗传学、基因组学、生物信息学和渔业技术方面的培训。结果将通过一段动画视频公开分享，并分发给资源经理和其他人，以展示出售捕鱼许可证的地方。意识到许多，可能是大多数，替代繁殖策略或艺术，取决于个体条件，引发了对策略表达的精确控制和种群内策略频率的最终控制的普遍兴趣。艺术如何在种群中共存是一个进化之谜，目前只有部分答案。ARTS被认为是由个体之间的遗传差异产生的，通过频率相关的选择来平衡，但似乎更普遍地取决于个人经历的发育条件。艺术适合于更广泛的投资战略类别，其中包括生活史决定，是考虑到个人状况或地位的生殖竞争的进化解决方案，是根据个人发展的社会和环境情况而定的投资战略的产物。在某些情况下，ARTS受到非遗传亲本效应的控制，这可能会影响ART的动态，促进或阻碍适应性进化过程。项目研究人员将在一个小口黑鱼(Micropterus Dolomieu)种群中详细描述艺术，在这个种群中，假设非遗传的父母效应会在世代之间导致谱系内的策略变化。为了详细说明父母和后代的策略选择，并测试策略多态的遗传基础，将使用保存的组织样本中的RADSeq在整个基因组中产生数千个SNP，并将应用父权分析来跟踪240-381个谱系中的男性策略选择，跨越1-5代。发展条件和发展历史将从现场数据和规模样本中确定，以确定对战术表达施加直接控制的环境因素。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。