Collaborative Research: The Extension of a Dendrochronological Sequence to northern Mexico

合作研究：树木年代序列向墨西哥北部的延伸

• 批准号: 1755507
• 负责人: Sturt Manning
• 金额: $ 13.29万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1755507&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Extension; Dendrochronological; Sequence

Drs. Paula Turkon, Sturt Manning, and Carol Griggs, along with colleagues from Mexico, will conduct research to provide a high-resolution absolute tree-ring chronology for Northern Mesoamerican archaeological sites using a combination of tree-ring and AMS radiocarbon data. This project extends their preliminary research both geographically and chronologically, with the goal of linking the existing Epiclassic chronology from Northwestern Mesoamerica that ends in the 8th century A.D., to the regionally extensive, calendar-dated chronologies from living and relic trees in the same region. The dendrochronological results will offer dating precision to archaeologists working in these regions for time periods that do not have written sources of chronological data. It will also establish the foundation for climate reconstruction studies that, in the future, will help clarify the long-term relationships between the magnitude of climatic change and human response. In fostering close collaboration between archaeologists, dendrochronologists, graduate, and undergraduate students from multiple institutions throughout Mexico and the United States, this project's mission is to encourage the application of dendroarchaeology [=archaeological dendrochronology], currently not part of archaeological fieldwork or analysis in Mexico. Mesoamerican archaeologists have long acknowledged the need for precise dating methods in order to understand cultural change, particularly in the region north of the core of Mesoamerican culture. Yet despite tremendous success in the development of tree-ring dating of archaeological sites just north in the American Southwest, and the more recent development of long tree-ring chronologies in Mexico that cover the past 1300 years, dendroarchaeology has been virtually absent in Mesoamerica. The first stage of this NSF funded project demonstrated the availability, measurability, and similarities in growth patterns ("crossdatability") of archaeological tree-ring samples in Northwestern Mesoamerica from the 5th to 8th centuries A.D. In this second stage, the researchers will incorporate archaeological samples from Postclassic and historic sites located in a broader geographic region in northern Mesoamerica. Because the new archaeological collections of wood will likewise be from a time period for which there are no well-established master chronologies, the tree-ring sequences produced from the prehispanic sites will be initially anchored in time by "radiocarbon wiggle-matching." This method fits a known relative sequence of radiocarbon dates from specific tree-rings against the radiocarbon calibration curve to achieve a precise fit and thus calendar placement with minimal error. Ultimately, we intend to create a continuous tree-ring record from the present back to the Classic period, using both the archaeological and historic collections, as well as existing calendar-dated chronologies. The resulting data will not only fill a significant gap in our knowledge of the chronology of Northern Mesoamerica, but help address broader questions such as the rate, timing, and directionality of cultural influences with the Mesoamerican cultural core. Since dendroarchaeological methods are cumulative and iterative, the chronologies will gain in length, sample depth, and robustness, and will become increasingly useful to archaeologists working in broader geographic regions and time periods.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

博士。 Paula Turkon、Sturt Manning 和 Carol Griggs 以及来自墨西哥的同事将进行研究，结合树木年轮和 AMS 放射性碳数据，为中美洲北部考古遗址提供高分辨率的绝对树木年轮年表。 该项目在地理和年代上扩展了他们的初步研究，目标是将结束于公元八世纪的中美洲西北部现有的古典年代学与同一地区现存树木和遗迹树木的区域广泛的日历年代学联系起来。树木年代学结果将为在这些地区工作的考古学家提供年代测定的精确度，这些时期没有书面的年代数据来源。它还将为气候重建研究奠定基础，未来将有助于阐明气候变化幅度与人类反应之间的长期关系。为了促进来自墨西哥和美国多个机构的考古学家、树木年代学家、研究生和本科生之间的密切合作，该项目的使命是鼓励树木考古学 [=考古树木年代学] 的应用，目前尚未成为墨西哥考古实地工作或分析的一部分。中美洲考古学家早就承认需要精确的年代测定方法来了解文化变迁，特别是在中美洲文化核心以北的地区。然而，尽管在美国西南部北部考古遗址的树木年轮测定方面取得了巨大成功，并且最近在墨西哥发展了涵盖过去 1300 年的树木年轮年表，但中美洲实际上还没有进行过树木考古学的研究。该 NSF 资助项目的第一阶段展示了公元 5 世纪至 8 世纪中美洲西北部考古树木年轮样本的可用性、可测量性和生长模式的相似性（“交叉数据性”）。在第二阶段，研究人员将整合来自中美洲北部更广泛地理区域的后经典和历史遗址的考古样本。由于新的木材考古收藏同样来自没有完善的主年表的时期，因此从西班牙前遗址产生的树木年轮序列最初将通过“放射性碳摆动匹配”及时固定。 该方法将特定树木年轮的放射性碳测年的已知相对序列与放射性碳校准曲线进行拟合，以实现精确拟合，从而实现日历放置的误差最小。 最终，我们打算利用考古和历史收藏以及现有的日历年表，创建从现在到古典时期的连续树木年轮记录。 由此产生的数据不仅将填补我们对中美洲北部年代学知识的重大空白，而且有助于解决更广泛的问题，例如中美洲文化核心的文化影响的速率、时间和方向性。由于树木考古学方法是累积和迭代的，年表将在长度、样本深度和稳健性方面获得增加，并且对于在更广泛的地理区域和时间段内工作的考古学家来说将变得越来越有用。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。