Collaborative Research: the Kalavasos and Maroni Built Environments Project. Investigating Social Transformation in Late Bronze Age Cyprus

合作研究：卡拉瓦索斯和马罗尼建筑环境项目。

• 批准号: 0917732
• 负责人: Sturt Manning
• 金额: $ 10.76万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0917732&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Kalavasos; Maroni; Built

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).The Kalavasos and Maroni Built Environments Project is an interdisciplinary and collaborative effort by Cornell University and Ithaca College to investigate the relationships between architecture, social interaction and social change in Late Bronze Age (c. 1650-1100 BCE) Cyprus. This important period saw the island of Cyprus shift from a relatively insular and egalitarian, village-based society to an urbanized, cosmopolitan civilization. Previous research indicates that the new cities played a vital role in this profound social transformation by promoting social interactions that favored the interests of emerging elites and underpinned their political power. The dynamics of this process, however, are not well understood and have not been systematically investigated. The major problem is that, while a number of Late Bronze Age sites on Cyprus have been partially excavated, there is still no clear picture of the anatomy of a Late Bronze Age city, i.e., how individual buildings were integrated into an overall urban landscape that structured social interaction. With advancements in archaeological geophysics, one now has the ability to investigate these processes by detecting buried walls, streets and other architectural features without the tremendous expense of large-scale excavation.Using equipment obtained by Ithaca College from a previous NSF grant, this collaborative project will conduct three, four-week seasons of geophysical survey at two important Late Bronze Age urban centers in south-central Cyprus: Kalavasos-Ayios Dhimitrios and Maroni. Combined with digital mapping and 3D modeling of previously excavated architecture, this work will allow the researchers to assemble complete urban plans of these sites. This will significantly expand the dataset of Late Bronze Age architecture and, by applying analytical methods such as access and visibility analyses, provide unprecedented new insights into how the new urban environments organized social interactions that supported or undermined broader social structures. In addition, the project will develop a geographic information system-based database of architectural and archaeological data that will be made available to any interested parties on our project website. The project will aslo further the development of collaborative training opportunities in archaeological geophysics for students from Cornell University, Ithaca College and the University of Cyprus.The results of this research will be broadly applicable as its methods and objectives are interdisciplinary in design and scope, combining social archaeology with physics, environmental psychology, architecture, planning and urban geography. The work will be widely disseminated in a variety of media, including peer-reviewed journals, major conferences, public lectures and a project website which will serve as an important research tool. In addition, the project will forge international collaboration with research institutions on Cyprus, including the Cyprus Institute and the University of Cyprus. Given the current importance of understanding the dynamic effects of cities on ever-growing urban populations, the research brings some much-needed time depth and historical perspective to this issue. Ultimately, this project has the potential to shed new light on a transformative period in the Cypriot past, while at the same time enhancing the infrastructure for scientific research and providing several students with exciting opportunities in experiential learning.

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。卡拉瓦索斯和马罗尼建筑环境项目是康奈尔大学和伊萨卡学院的跨学科合作项目，旨在调查青铜时代晚期（约1900年）建筑，社会互动和社会变革之间的关系。公元前1650-1100年）塞浦路斯。 这一重要时期见证了塞浦路斯岛从一个相对孤立和平等的，以村庄为基础的社会转变为一个城市化的，世界性的文明。 先前的研究表明，新城市在这场深刻的社会变革中发挥了至关重要的作用，促进了有利于新兴精英利益的社会互动，并巩固了他们的政治权力。 然而，这一过程的动力学并没有得到很好的理解，也没有得到系统的研究。 主要的问题是，虽然塞浦路斯的一些青铜时代晚期遗址已经被部分挖掘出来，但仍然没有一个青铜时代晚期城市的解剖结构的清晰图像，即，单个建筑是如何融入到城市整体景观中，从而构建社会互动的。 随着考古地球物理学的进步，人们现在有能力通过探测埋藏的墙壁，街道和其他建筑特征来调查这些过程，而不需要大规模挖掘的巨大费用。使用伊萨卡学院从以前的NSF拨款中获得的设备，这个合作项目将在塞浦路斯中南部的两个重要的青铜时代晚期城市中心进行为期三周，四周的地球物理调查：Kalavasos-Ayios Dhimitrios和Maroni。 结合数字地图和先前挖掘建筑的3D建模，这项工作将使研究人员能够组装这些遗址的完整城市规划。 这将大大扩展青铜时代晚期建筑的数据集，并通过应用访问和可见性分析等分析方法，为新的城市环境如何组织支持或破坏更广泛的社会结构的社会互动提供前所未有的新见解。 此外，该项目将开发一个基于地理信息系统的建筑和考古数据数据库，并将在我们的项目网站上提供给任何感兴趣的各方。 该项目还将进一步为康奈尔大学、伊萨卡学院和塞浦路斯大学的学生提供考古物理学方面的合作培训机会。由于其方法和目标在设计和范围上是跨学科的，将社会考古学与物理学、环境心理学、建筑学、规划和城市地理学相结合，因此这项研究的结果将广泛适用。 这项工作将在各种媒体上广泛传播，包括同行评审的期刊、主要会议、公开讲座和一个将作为重要研究工具的项目网站。 此外，该项目将与塞浦路斯研究所和塞浦路斯大学等塞浦路斯问题研究机构开展国际合作。 鉴于当前理解城市对不断增长的城市人口的动态影响的重要性，这项研究为这个问题带来了一些急需的时间深度和历史视角。 最终，该项目有可能为塞浦路斯过去的变革时期提供新的启示，同时加强科学研究的基础设施，并为一些学生提供令人兴奋的体验式学习机会。