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RUI: Effects of large inedible particles on larval feeding, planktonic larval duration, and juvenile quality in marine invertebrates

RUI：不可食用的大颗粒对海洋无脊椎动物幼体摄食、浮游幼体持续时间和幼体质量的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1756531
负责人：
Bruno Pernet
金额：
$ 34.76万
依托单位：
California State University-Long Beach Foundation
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1756531&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RUI Effects large inedible particles

项目摘要

Many ecologically and economically important marine invertebrates (e.g., oysters, crabs, and sea urchins) have life cycles that include feeding larval stages that live drifting in the water as part of the plankton. These larvae spend days or weeks feeding on tiny algal particles to fuel their development until they can metamorphose into juveniles. In nature, however, the plankton includes not only edible particles, but also many particles that are too large to be eaten but which may interfere with feeding on edible particles. These include, for example, large algal particles, eggs and embryos of other invertebrates, re-suspended sediment, and anthropogenic nano- and micro-plastics. When larvae encounter large inedible particles, they may respond by altering their swimming behavior to avoid them, or by capturing and then rejecting them. Such interactions reduce the rate at which larvae can capture edible particles, which forces them to either spend more time feeding before metamorphosis (increasing their overall risk of dying due to planktonic predators), or to metamorphose with less energy, producing juveniles in relatively poor condition. This project examines how large inedible particles affect feeding, time to metamorphosis, and juvenile condition in the larvae of diverse marine invertebrates. The project has the potential to dramatically change our understanding of how larvae feed and survive in natural communities, and thus our understanding of the population dynamics of these important organisms. The project will support research training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students at California State University Long Beach, a primarily undergraduate institution, as well as summer research internships for students at two local community colleges. Project data will be integrated into laboratory modules in undergraduate courses. Finally, data on the reproductive biology of diverse California marine invertebrates will be added to a public website that is widely used by members of the public, students, and biologists interested in the development, life histories, ecology, and evolution of these common animals. The factors that control planktonic duration and juvenile condition in marine invertebrates with feeding larvae have long been recognized as critical to understanding their ecology and evolution. Larval feeding environment is clearly one of those factors, but previous work has focused almost exclusively on one feature of that environment, the abundance of food. This project will evaluate the importance of another potentially critical dimension of the larval feeding environment ? the presence of large inedible particles, which are frequently abundant in natural plankonic communities. It takes a comparative approach to address two key questions about the effects of large inedible particles on larvae (including those of echinoderms, annelids, and molluscs) that feed using several different particle capture mechanisms. First, do large inedible particles present in natural plankton reduce larval feeding rates? And second, does the presence of large inedible particles extend larval planktonic duration or result in the production of lower quality juveniles? Feeding rates of larvae will be measured in short-term experiments in which larvae are exposed to both food and to natural or artificial large inedible particles over a range of concentrations. Effects of large inedible particles on planktonic duration and juvenile quality will be measured by culturing larvae through their entire life cycles in the presence of large inedible particles at various concentrations. Because feeding performance is an important determinant of planktonic duration, larval survival, and juvenile condition, the project will add greatly to our understanding of how conditions in the plankton affect the population dynamics of the many marine invertebrates with feeding larvae.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多具有生态和经济重要性的海洋无脊椎动物（例如，牡蛎、螃蟹和海胆）的生命周期包括作为浮游生物的一部分漂流在水中的幼虫阶段。这些幼虫花数天或数周的时间以微小的藻类颗粒为食，以促进其发育，直到它们可以蜕变成幼虫。然而，在自然界中，浮游生物不仅包括可食用颗粒，而且包括许多颗粒，这些颗粒太大而不能食用，但可能干扰以可食用颗粒为食。例如，这些包括大型藻类颗粒、其他无脊椎动物的卵和胚胎、再悬浮沉积物以及人为的纳米和微型塑料。当幼虫遇到不可食用的大颗粒时，它们可能会改变游泳行为以避免它们，或者通过捕获然后拒绝它们。这种相互作用降低了幼虫捕获可食用颗粒的速度，这迫使它们在变态前花费更多时间进食（增加了它们因捕食者而死亡的总体风险），或者以更少的能量变态，产生相对较差的幼仔。这个项目研究了不可食用的大颗粒如何影响不同海洋无脊椎动物幼虫的摄食、变态时间和幼年状态。该项目有可能极大地改变我们对幼虫如何在自然群落中觅食和生存的理解，从而改变我们对这些重要生物种群动态的理解。该项目将为加州州立大学长滩的本科生和研究生提供研究培训机会，并为当地两所社区学院的学生提供暑期研究实习机会。项目数据将被纳入本科课程的实验室模块。最后，各种加州海洋无脊椎动物的生殖生物学数据将被添加到一个公共网站，该网站被公众、学生和对这些常见动物的发育、生活史、生态学和进化感兴趣的生物学家广泛使用。长期以来，控制海洋无脊椎动物摄食幼虫的持续时间和幼年状态的因素一直被认为是理解其生态和进化的关键。幼虫的进食环境显然是这些因素之一，但以前的工作几乎只关注环境的一个特征，即食物的丰富程度。这个项目将评估另一个潜在的关键尺寸的幼虫喂养环境的重要性？大的不可食用的颗粒的存在，这是经常丰富的自然群落。它需要一个比较的方法来解决两个关键问题的影响，大型不可食用的颗粒对幼虫（包括棘皮动物，环节动物和软体动物），饲料使用几种不同的颗粒捕获机制。首先，天然浮游生物中存在的不可食用的大颗粒会降低幼虫的摄食率吗？第二，大的不可食用的颗粒的存在是否延长了幼虫的营养期或导致生产质量较低的青少年？将在短期实验中测量幼虫的摄食率，在这些实验中，幼虫暴露于食物和一定浓度范围内的天然或人造大的不可食用颗粒。将通过在各种浓度的不可食用大颗粒存在下培养幼虫的整个生命周期来测量不可食用大颗粒对休眠持续时间和幼鱼质量的影响。由于摄食性能是浮游生物持续时间、幼虫存活率和幼鱼状况的重要决定因素，因此该项目将极大地增加我们对浮游生物条件如何影响许多具有摄食幼虫的海洋无脊椎动物种群动态的理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。