Interaction structures with host cells and molecular phylogenetic studies of the Dothideomycetes with particular emphasis on (hemi-)biotrophic plant parasites

与宿主细胞的相互作用结构和 Dothideomycetes 的分子系统发育研究，特别强调（半）生物营养型植物寄生虫

• 批准号: 23261458
• 负责人: Dr. Uwe Simon
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Systematik und Ökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2005-12-31 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/23261458?language=en
• 关键词: Interaction; structures; host; cells; molecular

The Dothideomycetes is a major group of fungi that includes numerous phytopathogenous species and some human and animal pathogens and is crucial for an understanding of the phylogeny of ascomycetous fungi and their life-styles. Despite their economic and scientific importance many taxonomic questions within this group remain unsolved at almost all taxonomic levels from circumscription of orders to species delimitation. In our previous work we have described a complex type of cellular interaction formed by Cymadothea trifolii (sooty blotch of clover), an obligate biotrophic pathogen living in leaves of Trifolium species. Our starting hypothesis for the project applied for is that biotrophism within the Dothideomycetes may be an ancestral character. Furthermore, different modes of cellular interaction might reflect distinct taxonomic relationships, as has been shown for the basidiomycetous smut fungi. Consequently, we want to thoroughly analyse a large number of (hemi-)biotrophic Dothideomycetes for the specific interactions realized with host cells (e.g. intracellular hyphae, haustoria). The questions addressed are, whether certain types of interaction are restricted to specific clades (validated by genetic data), and whether a development from simple to complex structures can be traced back (e.g. intracellular hyphae ¿¿haustoria ¿¿intercellular hyphae with interaction apparatus). This study incorporates electron microscopy and molecular analyses employing a multi-gene approach with four genetic markers (nuSSU rDNA, nuLSU rDNA, RPB 1 + 2). The aim is to test the above hypotheses and to understand the evolution of interactions of fungi with photosynthetic organisms.

Dothideomycetes是真菌的一个主要类群，包括许多植物病原物种和一些人类和动物病原体，并且对于理解子囊菌属真菌的发生和它们的生活方式至关重要。尽管它们在经济和科学上的重要性，但在几乎所有的分类学水平上，从目的界限到种的界限，这一组中的许多分类学问题仍然没有解决。在我们以前的工作中，我们已经描述了一个复杂的类型的细胞相互作用所形成的Cymadothea trifolii（三叶草斑点病），专性活体营养病原体生活在三叶草属植物的叶子。我们对所申请项目的初始假设是，Dothideomycetes内的生物营养性可能是一种祖先特征。此外，不同模式的细胞相互作用可能反映了不同的分类关系，如已被证明为担子菌黑穗病真菌。因此，我们要彻底分析大量的（半）生物营养Dothideomycetes实现与宿主细胞（如细胞内菌丝，吸器）的特定相互作用。解决的问题是，某些类型的相互作用是否仅限于特定的分支（通过遗传数据验证），以及从简单到复杂结构的发展是否可以追溯（例如，细胞内菌丝吸器胞间菌丝与相互作用装置）。本研究采用电子显微镜和分子分析，采用多基因的方法与4个遗传标记（nuSSU rDNA，nuLSU rDNA，RPB 1 + 2）。目的是检验上述假设，并了解真菌与光合生物相互作用的演变。