RAPID: Assessment of Risks and Vulnerability in Coupled Human-Physical Networks of Houston's Flood Protection, Emergency Response, and Transportation Infrastructure in Harvey

城市有各种各样的基础设施系统来应对紧急情况和极端事件，如飓风。这些系统的效力和效率在一定程度上取决于具体事件相对于各个系统的能力的严重程度和特点，也取决于这些基础设施系统有效协调的程度。在这项快速反应研究补助金(RAPID)中，首席调查人员将收集有关休斯顿在飓风哈维中的防洪、应急管理和交通基础设施系统和流程的表现的时间敏感数据。这些数据将用于帮助确定组织间存在哪些规划、沟通和协调风险，哪些政策和战略可产生网络弹性，以及哪些资本投资决策是最佳的。这些调查结果将建议如何在更好地了解基础设施系统和流程之间的潜在相互依赖关系的基础上，改进基础设施设计人员和运营商、城市规划者和应急管理人员之间的决策流程、协调和网络规划。因此，预期的结果将具有显著的社会效益，这将有助于改善公共安全和减少极端天气事件造成的经济损失。具体任务是：(1)绘制、建模和分析相互依赖的基础设施系统中的决策过程和人类系统网络，以揭示组织间风险；(2)指定和表征基础设施中断和连锁故障及其与组织间风险和决策过程的关系；以及(3)检查家庭？受组织间风险、基础设施中断和连锁故障影响的物质和社会脆弱性。这些任务将通过与利益攸关方和决策者(例如防洪区、陆军、城市管理人员、规划者、基础设施工程师和公用事业公司)进行深入访谈和参与性研讨会、收集数据以评估相互依存关系和关键基础设施故障造成的后续影响以及家庭调查来完成，以确定基础设施故障对休斯敦两到三个地区家庭的影响。

Cities have a variety of infrastructure systems in place to deal with emergencies and extreme events like hurricanes. The effectiveness and efficiency with which these systems perform is, in part, a function of the severity and characteristics of the specific event relative to the capacities of the individual systems, but also the extent to which these infrastructure systems effectively coordinate. In this Rapid Response Research Grant (RAPID), the Principal Investigators will collect time-sensitive data on the performance of Houston's flood protection, emergency management, and transportation infrastructure systems and processes in Hurricane Harvey. These data will be used to help identify what inter-organizational planning, communication, and coordination risks exist, what policies and strategies yield network resilience, and which capital investment decisions are optimal. These findings will suggest ways to improve decision-making processes, coordination, and network planning among infrastructure designers and operators, city planners, and emergency managers based on better understanding of the underlying interdependencies among infrastructure systems and processes. Hence, the expected results will have significant societal benefits that will help improve public safety and reduce economic losses from extreme weather events.The specific tasks to be undertaken are to: (1) map, model, and analyze decision-making processes and human system networks in interdependent infrastructure systems to uncover inter-organizational risks; (2) specify and characterize infrastructure disruptions and cascading failures and their relationships with inter-organizational risks and decision-making processes; and (3) examine households? physical and social vulnerabilities influenced by inter-organizational risks and infrastructure disruptions and cascading failures. These tasks will be accomplished through in-depth interviews and participatory workshops with stakeholders and decision-makers (e.g., Flood Control District, Army Corps, City Managers, Planners, Infrastructure Engineers, and Utility Companies), collection of data to assess interdependencies and the subsequent impacts caused by failures in critical infrastructure, and a household survey to determine the impacts of infrastructure failures on households in two to three areas in Houston.