Building Capacity in Documentation of Language and Traditional Ecological Knowledge for Hualapai, a Native American Language, and Other Pai Languages

建设美洲原住民语言 Hualapai 和其他 Pai 语言的语言和传统生态知识文献记录能力

• 批准号: 1761613
• 负责人: Carrie Cannon
• 金额: $ 10.13万
• 依托单位: Hualapai Indian Tribe
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1761613&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Building; Capacity; Documentation; Language; Traditional

The state of Arizona is home to 15 Native American languages belonging to 5 distinct language families, thus representing tremendous diversity. The Native American Languages Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1990, enacted into policy the recognition of the unique status and importance of Native American languages. The Pai subgroup of the Yuman language family is spoken on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, in Arizona, and in the Baja California state of Mexico. The Pai language communities have maintained strong connections and exchanges of knowledge, especially in the ecological and environmental domains. Whether academic (linguists, anthropologists) or indigenous (elders, traditional culture bearers), these experts know language encodes a tremendous amount of specialized traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). Unfortunately, as languages become endangered, that traditional knowledge is often the first to be lost. This project will investigate how this traditional indigenous scientific knowledge, here encoded in Pai languages, should best be documented and will develop protocols for accessibility of the appropriate knowledge. The Pai languages are spoken in a region of significant biological diversity, where harvests, the lifespan of plants, and the temporal boundaries of seasons are undergoing rapid transition. This, together with the severely endangered status of all Pai languages, makes this work highly urgent. The team is led by and composed of indigenous scientists and language scholars, meaning activities will be conducted with community benefits foremost. Other broader impacts include broadening participation of Native Americans in the language and ecological sciences, the development of intellectual property (IP) protocols regarding sensitive material like TEK, and the expansion of a binational collaboration between its Pai-speaking tribal nations. Led by the Hualapai Indian Tribe, the project brings together six Pai nations, five from Arizona -- the Hualapai, Havasupai, Yavapai-Apache, Yavapai-Prescott, Ft. McDowell Yavapai -- and the Paipai tribal people of Baja California, Mexico. This project will situate training and collaborative decision-making as a methodology for this kind of comparative language and TEK documentation. The interdisciplinary team includes biologists, linguists, ethnobotanists, and elders and experts from each of the 6 Pai communities. Project activities focus on collaboratively training in skills essential to documentation of TEK through language: transcription and annotation, vouchering and specimen collection; comparative analysis of phonology and variation; databasing; and data management and archiving. Botanical species and the indigenous ethnoscience associated with them represent a sensitive and proprietary area. Stakeholder communities possess significant knowledge of the local ecology and its traditional calendar cycle, weather patterns, and uses of botanical species, with such knowledge deeply embedded in ceremonial or religious activities. That sensitivity is compounded by the potential for commercial benefit through pharmaceutical and other uses, which adds potentially contentious issues when documenting TEK. The project will advance an indigenous-based approach toward documentation of botanical and linguistic knowledge. The team will disseminate how they develop IP protocols for this specialized documentation and disseminate the protocols themselves. The project will establish a foundation for future documentation of the rich linguistic and cultural heritage of the Pai communities, both individually and from a comparative analysis.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

亚利桑那州拥有15种美洲原住民语言，属于5个不同的语系，因此代表了巨大的多样性。美国国会于1990年通过的《美洲原住民语言法》承认了美洲原住民语言的独特地位和重要性。尤曼语系的派语在美国的两边都有人说-墨西哥边境，在亚利桑那州，并在下加利福尼亚墨西哥州。派语社区保持着密切的联系和知识交流，特别是在生态和环境领域。无论是学者（语言学家、人类学家）还是土著人（长者、传统文化传承者），这些专家都知道语言编码了大量专门的传统生态知识（TEK）。不幸的是，随着语言的濒危，传统知识往往首先消失。该项目将调查如何以最佳方式记录以派语编码的这种传统土著科学知识，并将制定获取适当知识的协议。派语是在一个生物多样性丰富的地区使用的，在那里，收成、植物的寿命和季节的时间界限都在经历快速的转变。这一点，再加上所有派语的严重濒危状况，使得这项工作非常紧迫。该小组由土著科学家和语言学者领导和组成，这意味着活动将以社区利益为首要目标。其他更广泛的影响包括扩大美洲原住民对语言和生态科学的参与，制定有关TEK等敏感材料的知识产权协议，以及扩大其派语部落民族之间的两国合作。由瓦拉派印第安部落领导，该项目汇集了六个派民族，五个来自亚利桑那州-瓦拉派，哈瓦苏派，亚瓦派阿帕奇，亚瓦派普雷斯科特，英尺。McDowell Yavapai和墨西哥下加利福尼亚的派派部落。该项目将把培训和协作决策作为这种比较语言和TEK文档的方法。跨学科的团队包括生物学家，语言学家，民族植物学家，以及来自6个派社区的长老和专家。项目活动的重点是合作培训通过语言记录TEK所必需的技能：转录和注释、凭证和标本收集;语音和变异的比较分析;数据库;以及数据管理和存档。植物物种和与之相关的土著民族学是一个敏感和专有的领域。利益攸关方社区拥有关于当地生态及其传统日历周期、天气模式和植物物种使用的大量知识，这些知识深深植根于仪式或宗教活动中。这种敏感性由于通过制药和其他用途获得商业利益的可能性而变得更加复杂，这在记录TEK时增加了潜在的争议问题。该项目将推动以土著人为基础的植物学和语言学知识文献编制办法。该团队将传播他们如何为这一专门文档开发IP协议，并传播协议本身。该项目将为今后记录派社区丰富的语言和文化遗产奠定基础，无论是单独的还是通过比较分析。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。