Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Investigating the Social and Technological Implications of Mass-Capture Fishing

博士论文改进奖：调查大规模捕捞的社会和技术影响

• 批准号: 1764138
• 负责人: Neill Wallis
• 金额: $ 2.8万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1764138&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Investigating

Archaeological research provides a unique, long-term perspective on the dynamics among society, culture, technology and environment. Accordingly, archaeological studies of maritime adaptations have traditionally focused on long-term processes, broadening understanding of general trends such as resource depletion, often glossing over the consequences of specific events. This study focuses on a particular case of social and economic reorganization in order to illuminate the impact of innovation during times of punctuated social and political change. Just as industrialization has had a huge impact on fishing operations, fishing communities and fisheries populations in recent times, changes in fishing technology and resource use among pre-capitalist societies were closely tied to social, political, and economic reorganization. This project presents a rare opportunity to connect archaeological data that stretches back millennia to historical and modern day fisheries data in order to better understand the factors that promote continuity and the forces that generate abrupt and lasting change. The results of this research will be shared globally, and will provide a deep-time perspective on fishery sustainability. Student participants in this research will receive training and experience in archaeological laboratory methods, faunal analysis and specimen curation.University of Florida doctoral student Ginessa Mahar, supervised by Dr. Neill Wallis, will investigate how changing social, political, and economic circumstances among coastal fisher-hunter-gatherer societies affected subsistence practices and technological innovation. During the Woodland era of the Southeastern USA, the appearance of complex civic-ceremonial centers indicates political, economic, and social reorganization on the part of formerly small-scale dispersed societies. Such developments likely required a complete reorganization of subsistence practices to facilitate these unprecedented large gatherings. This study investigates the traditional fishing practices of Early Woodland (500 B.C. - A.D. 200) coastal communities along the northern Gulf Coast of Florida and how they were affected by the intensification of ritual practices after A.D. 200, when complex civic-ceremonial centers were constructed and inhabited. Specifically, this study asks if traditional fishing protocols were expanded to facilitate such gatherings as well as daily consumption at civic-ceremonial centers, or if innovative practices were developed and executed. Archaeological samples will be analyzed from multiple sites that date prior to, during, and after the onset of these centers. Fish bones from these archaeological contexts will be used to assess the type and scale of technology used to facilitate the changing needs of these coastal communities. Fish size is critical to the assessment of resource acquisition, timing, and resource sustainability, thus allometric formulae will be generated using modern specimens from the Gulf of Mexico provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. This project also incorporates the results of previously conducted research including ethnographic fieldwork, experimental fish capture, and archaeological material culture analysis. The data generated by this project will benefit not only archaeological studies within the region but also multi-disciplinary, long-term fisheries projects worldwide.

考古学研究为社会、文化、技术和环境之间的动态变化提供了一个独特的、长期的视角。因此，对海洋适应的考古研究传统上侧重于长期过程，扩大了对资源枯竭等一般趋势的理解，往往掩盖了具体事件的后果。这项研究聚焦于一个特定的社会和经济重组案例，以阐明在社会和政治变革断断续续的时期创新的影响。正如工业化在近代对渔业作业、渔业社区和渔业人口产生了巨大影响一样，前资本主义社会中渔业技术和资源使用的变化与社会、政治和经济重组密切相关。该项目提供了一个难得的机会，将数千年前的考古数据与历史和现代渔业数据联系起来，以便更好地了解促进连续性的因素和产生突然和持久变化的力量。这项研究的结果将在全球范围内分享，并将提供渔业可持续性的深层次视角。这项研究的学生参与者将接受考古实验室方法、动物群分析和标本保管方面的培训和经验。佛罗里达大学的博士生吉妮莎·马哈尔将在尼尔·沃利斯博士的指导下，调查沿海渔民-狩猎-采集社会中不断变化的社会、政治和经济环境如何影响生存实践和技术创新。在美国东南部的伍德兰时代，复杂的公民仪式中心的出现表明了以前小规模分散的社会在政治、经济和社会方面的重组。这种事态发展可能需要彻底重组谋生做法，以便利这些史无前例的大型集会。这项研究调查了佛罗里达州墨西哥湾北部早期伍德兰(公元前500年-公元200年)沿海社区的传统捕鱼方式，以及公元200年之后，当复杂的公民仪式中心建造和居住时，仪式活动的加强对它们的影响。具体地说，这项研究询问的是，传统的捕鱼协议是否得到了扩展，以促进此类聚会以及公民仪式中心的日常消费，或者是否开发和执行了创新做法。考古样本将从这些中心成立之前、期间和之后的多个地点进行分析。来自这些考古背景的鱼骨将被用来评估用于促进这些沿海社区不断变化的需求的技术的类型和规模。鱼类大小对评估资源获取、时机和资源可持续性至关重要，因此将使用佛罗里达州鱼类和野生动物保护委员会提供的墨西哥湾现代标本生成异速生长公式。该项目还纳入了以前进行的研究的结果，包括人种学田野调查、实验性鱼类捕获和考古材料培养分析。该项目产生的数据不仅将使区域内的考古研究受益，也将使世界各地的多学科、长期渔业项目受益。