Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Investigating the Social and Technological Implications of Mass-Capture Fishing

考古学研究为社会、文化、技术和环境之间的动态提供了一个独特的、长期的视角。 因此，对海洋适应的考古学研究传统上侧重于长期过程，扩大对资源枯竭等一般趋势的理解，往往掩盖了具体事件的后果。本研究的重点是一个特定的社会和经济重组的情况下，以阐明在时断时续的社会和政治变革的创新的影响。正如近代工业化对渔业作业、渔业社区和渔业种群产生了巨大影响一样，前资本主义社会渔业技术和资源利用的变化与社会、政治和经济重组密切相关。该项目提供了一个难得的机会，将数千年来的考古数据与历史和现代渔业数据联系起来，以便更好地了解促进连续性的因素以及产生突然和持久变化的力量。这项研究的结果将在全球范围内分享，并将提供关于渔业可持续性的深层次视角。参与这项研究的学生将接受考古实验室方法，动物区系分析和标本策展的培训和经验。佛罗里达大学博士生Ginessa Mahar在Neill沃利斯博士的指导下，将调查沿海狩猎采集社会中不断变化的社会，政治和经济环境如何影响生存实践和技术创新。在美国东南部的伍德兰时代，复杂的公民仪式中心的出现表明了以前小规模分散社会的政治，经济和社会重组。这种发展可能需要彻底调整维持生计的做法，以便利这些前所未有的大规模集会。本研究调查了早期林地（公元前500年-公元200年）沿佛罗里达州北方墨西哥湾沿岸的沿海社区的传统捕鱼习俗，以及它们如何受到公元200年后仪式习俗加剧的影响，当时建造和居住了复杂的公民仪式中心。具体而言，本研究询问传统的捕鱼协议是否被扩展到促进这样的聚会以及在公民礼仪中心的日常消费，或者是否开发和执行了创新的做法。考古样本将从多个地点进行分析，这些地点的日期在这些中心开始之前，期间和之后。来自这些考古背景的鱼骨将用于评估用于促进这些沿海社区不断变化的需求的技术的类型和规模。鱼的大小是至关重要的资源收购，时间和资源可持续性的评估，因此异速生长公式将使用现代标本从墨西哥湾提供的佛罗里达鱼类和野生动物保护委员会。该项目还结合了以前进行的研究，包括民族志实地考察，实验性鱼类捕获和考古物质文化分析的结果。该项目产生的数据不仅将有利于该地区的考古研究，也将有利于世界各地的多学科长期渔业项目。

Archaeological research provides a unique, long-term perspective on the dynamics among society, culture, technology and environment. Accordingly, archaeological studies of maritime adaptations have traditionally focused on long-term processes, broadening understanding of general trends such as resource depletion, often glossing over the consequences of specific events. This study focuses on a particular case of social and economic reorganization in order to illuminate the impact of innovation during times of punctuated social and political change. Just as industrialization has had a huge impact on fishing operations, fishing communities and fisheries populations in recent times, changes in fishing technology and resource use among pre-capitalist societies were closely tied to social, political, and economic reorganization. This project presents a rare opportunity to connect archaeological data that stretches back millennia to historical and modern day fisheries data in order to better understand the factors that promote continuity and the forces that generate abrupt and lasting change. The results of this research will be shared globally, and will provide a deep-time perspective on fishery sustainability. Student participants in this research will receive training and experience in archaeological laboratory methods, faunal analysis and specimen curation.University of Florida doctoral student Ginessa Mahar, supervised by Dr. Neill Wallis, will investigate how changing social, political, and economic circumstances among coastal fisher-hunter-gatherer societies affected subsistence practices and technological innovation. During the Woodland era of the Southeastern USA, the appearance of complex civic-ceremonial centers indicates political, economic, and social reorganization on the part of formerly small-scale dispersed societies. Such developments likely required a complete reorganization of subsistence practices to facilitate these unprecedented large gatherings. This study investigates the traditional fishing practices of Early Woodland (500 B.C. - A.D. 200) coastal communities along the northern Gulf Coast of Florida and how they were affected by the intensification of ritual practices after A.D. 200, when complex civic-ceremonial centers were constructed and inhabited. Specifically, this study asks if traditional fishing protocols were expanded to facilitate such gatherings as well as daily consumption at civic-ceremonial centers, or if innovative practices were developed and executed. Archaeological samples will be analyzed from multiple sites that date prior to, during, and after the onset of these centers. Fish bones from these archaeological contexts will be used to assess the type and scale of technology used to facilitate the changing needs of these coastal communities. Fish size is critical to the assessment of resource acquisition, timing, and resource sustainability, thus allometric formulae will be generated using modern specimens from the Gulf of Mexico provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. This project also incorporates the results of previously conducted research including ethnographic fieldwork, experimental fish capture, and archaeological material culture analysis. The data generated by this project will benefit not only archaeological studies within the region but also multi-disciplinary, long-term fisheries projects worldwide.