Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Local Structures and Politics of a Developing Short-Term Rental Market

博士论文研究：发展中的短期租赁市场的地方结构和政治

• 批准号: 1801745
• 负责人: Edward Walker
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-03-15 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1801745&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Local; Structures

In 2008, on the heels of the financial crisis, a set of crowd-sourcing platforms (Airbnb, Uber, Lyft, etc.) emerged forming what is now estimated to be a multi-billion dollar industry, often described as the sharing economy. Because companies in the sharing economy span a range of services, and because their platforms have become hugely popular, local actors and organizations are now in a political struggle over the implications for other markets and regulatory policy. Such contentious politics have brought into question the viability of sharing economy platforms as city policymakers consider revising local regulations to accommodate the platforms or in some cases, banning them wholly. Most research on the development of new markets focuses either on the social structures that facilitate a market's emergence or on the politics involved to adapt it to existing norms and rules. This project synthesizes the two different perspectives to examine how one of the largest markets in the sharing economy, the short-term rental or ?home-sharing? sector, develops in the context of other local structures and politics. Findings from this research will show new configurations of power emerging from local sharing economy markets. These findings will also contribute to public conversation and policy discussions on the sharing economy, market regulation, lobbying and municipal government transparency. The research combines the richness of qualitative investigation with the scope of computational and quantitative methods. Specifically, it analyzes quantitative data from short-term rental websites, the Census, nonprofit organizations, and hotels for 300 U.S. cities and metropolitan areas. It will also use new and original data collected by the researchers, including a dataset on municipal budgets and short-term rental ordinances as well as interview, historical, and participant observation data from a case study of short-term rentals in Los Angeles. In doing so, it extends scholarly understandings of markets to account for the ways in which the local and organizational contexts in which markets emerge also shape the politics over their regulation. Additionally, it considers the distinct resource and political constituency of sharing economy markets--the crowd--in these processes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2008年，在金融危机之后，一系列众包平台（Airbnb，Uber，Lyft等）形成了现在估计是数十亿美元的产业，通常被称为共享经济。由于共享经济中的公司跨越了一系列服务，而且他们的平台已经变得非常受欢迎，当地的参与者和组织现在正在就对其他市场和监管政策的影响进行政治斗争。这种有争议的政治使人们对共享经济平台的可行性产生了质疑，因为城市政策制定者正在考虑修改地方法规以适应这些平台，或者在某些情况下完全禁止它们。大多数关于新市场发展的研究要么侧重于促进市场出现的社会结构，要么侧重于使市场适应现有规范和规则所涉及的政治。这个项目综合了两个不同的角度来研究如何在共享经济，短期租赁或最大的市场之一？合租部门，在其他地方结构和政治的背景下发展。这项研究的结果将显示当地共享经济市场出现的新权力配置。这些发现也将有助于公共对话和政策讨论共享经济，市场监管，游说和市政府的透明度。该研究结合了丰富的定性调查与计算和定量方法的范围。具体来说，它分析了来自美国300个城市和大都市地区的短期租赁网站、人口普查、非营利组织和酒店的定量数据。它还将使用研究人员收集的新数据和原始数据，包括关于市政预算和短期租赁条例的数据集，以及来自洛杉矶短期租赁案例研究的访谈，历史和参与者观察数据。在这样做的过程中，它扩展了对市场的学术理解，以解释市场出现的地方和组织环境也塑造了监管政策的方式。此外，它还考虑了共享经济市场的独特资源和政治支持者-人群-在这些过程中。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。