Advanced LIGO Search for the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background

随机引力波背景的高级 LIGO 搜索

• 批准号: 1806630
• 负责人: Vuk Mandic
• 金额: $ 39.6万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1806630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Advanced; LIGO; Search; Stochastic; Gravitational

Recent observation by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (aLIGO) and by Advanced Virgo (aVirgo) detectors of mergers of binary black hole and binary neutron star systems have opened the field of multi-messenger astrophysics. They have sparked a very broad range of studies, from new tests of General Relativity and the measurement of the Hubble constant to constraints on the equation of state in neutron stars and studies of the r-process of heavy element production in the binary neutron star merger. Adding the gravitational wave signals from all such binaries in the universe leads to a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). The above discoveries have enabled a robust estimate of this background, indicating that it is within reach of the upcoming observation runs of aLIGO and aVirgo. The SGWB may well be the next new type of gravitational-wave signal to be discovered by these detectors, with the discovery coming potentially as early as 2019. This project aims to measure (and detect) the SGWB using data from upcoming observation runs of aLIGO and aVirgo, improving the sensitivity by up to 100x relative to the most recent results. The project will support involvement of graduate and undergraduate students in research at the frontier of the nascent field of multi-messenger astrophysics, as well as activities designed to share the excitement of this new field with broader audience.More specifically, using cross-correlation techniques applied to aLIGO and aVirgo data, the frequency content and temporal structure of the SGWB will be measured. Bayesian parameter estimation framework will then use this information to estimate the contributions of various astrophysical and cosmological SGWB models, as well as to identify and remove environmental contamination, such as due to the Schumann magnetic resonances. The results of this analysis are expected to place stringent constraints on the formation and evolution of compact binary systems, hence illuminating the evolution of the observed structure in the universe. Furthermore, these results will have the potential to constrain cosmological SGWB models, such as inflationary or cosmic (super)string models, and therefore probe the physics of fundamental interactions at very high energies, unachievable in laboratories. Similar cross correlation techniques will also be used to develop new searches for long transient signals, lasting from hours to days or weeks, which are expected in multiple models of neutron stars and are of particular interest for studying the remnants of binary neutron star mergers. If detected, such a signal would provide information about the physics processes driving Gamma Ray Bursts and about the high-density state of nuclear matter in neutron stars. To further improve the sensitivity of these searches, deep machine learning techniques will be used to remove the environmental contamination from the aLIGO and aVirgo gravitational-wave data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

最近，先进激光干涉仪引力波天文台（aLIGO）和先进处女座探测器（aVirgo）对双黑洞和双中子星系统合并的观测开辟了多信使天体物理学领域。它们引发了非常广泛的研究，从广义相对论的新测试和哈勃常数的测量，到中子星状态方程的约束，以及对双中子星合并中重元素产生的r过程的研究。把宇宙中所有这样的双星发出的引力波信号加在一起，就得到了随机引力波背景（SGWB）。上述发现使我们能够对这一背景进行可靠的估计，表明它在即将到来的aLIGO和aVirgo观测范围内。SGWB很可能是这些探测器发现的下一个新型引力波信号，最早可能在2019年发现。该项目旨在利用即将到来的aLIGO和aVirgo观测数据来测量（和检测）SGWB，相对于最近的结果，灵敏度提高了100倍。该项目将支持研究生和本科生参与多信使天体物理学这一新兴领域的前沿研究，以及旨在与更广泛的受众分享这一新领域的兴奋的活动。更具体地说，使用应用于aLIGO和aVirgo数据的互相关技术，将测量SGWB的频率内容和时间结构。然后，贝叶斯参数估计框架将使用这些信息来估计各种天体物理和宇宙学SGWB模型的贡献，以及识别和消除环境污染，例如由于舒曼磁共振。这一分析结果有望对紧致双星系统的形成和演化施加严格的约束，从而阐明宇宙中观测到的结构的演化。此外，这些结果将有可能约束宇宙学的SGWB模型，如暴胀或宇宙（超）弦模型，从而探索在非常高的能量下基本相互作用的物理学，这在实验室是无法实现的。类似的相互关联技术也将用于开发新的长瞬变信号搜索，持续时间从数小时到数天或数周，这在多种中子星模型中都是预期的，对于研究双中子星合并的残留物特别感兴趣。如果探测到，这样的信号将提供有关驱动伽马射线暴的物理过程和中子星中核物质高密度状态的信息。为了进一步提高这些搜索的灵敏度，将使用深度机器学习技术从aLIGO和aVirgo引力波数据中去除环境污染。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Noise reduction in gravitational-wave data via deep learning

通过深度学习降低引力波数据的噪声

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033066
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physical Review Research
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Ormiston, Rich;Nguyen, Tri;Coughlin, Michael;Adhikari, Rana X.;Katsavounidis, Erik
• 通讯作者: Katsavounidis, Erik

Measuring angular N -point correlations of binary black hole merger gravitational-wave events with hierarchical Bayesian inference

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.063007
• 发表时间: 2020-05
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: S. Banagiri;V. Mandic;C. Scarlata;Kate Z. Yang

Search for anisotropic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo窶冱 first three observing runs

使用 Advanced LIGO 和 Advanced Virgo 前三次观测运行的数据搜索各向异性引力波背景

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.022005
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: R. Abbott et al.

Searching for cross-correlation between stochastic gravitational-wave background and galaxy number counts

寻找随机引力波背景和星系计数之间的互相关性

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3159
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Yang, Kate Z;Mandic, Vuk;Scarlata, Claudia;Banagiri, Sharan
• 通讯作者: Banagiri, Sharan