Advanced LIGO Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Isolated and Binary Neutron Stars

爱因斯坦发现的广义相对论告诉我们，我们熟悉的、日常的引力是一种更奇怪的东西的表现：物质弯曲时空的几何形状。该理论的关键预测之一是引力波的存在：由大质量的快速运动引起的时空几何中以光速移动的涟漪。虽然在它们对致密恒星双星系统的间接影响方面得到了很好的检验，但直接探测入射到地球上的引力波仍然是一个突出的挑战。实现这种能力的科学回报将是巨大的-从探测爆炸恒星的极端动力学到收集有关宇宙状态的信息几乎在大爆炸本身的时刻。为了实现这一新的宇宙窗口，已经花费了几十年的实验和技术发展，这些发展推动了物理科学各个领域的界限。探测来自旋转中子星的连续引力波将是特别有趣的，因为许多这样的源预计将持续发射很长时间，允许后续调查越来越精确，因为人们相信这些波将提供对这些奇异恒星的鲜为人知的结构的洞察力。即将在仪器和分析方面进行的研究将为本科生和研究生提供知识前沿最先进科学的培训。研究将集中在与先进激光干涉仪相关的多个特定领域引力波天文台（Advanced LIGO）实验：1）共同领导正在进行的LIGO科学合作对连续引力波的搜索;（2）利用密歇根大学引力波研究组以前开发的程序对来自孤立中子星和双星的引力波进行搜索;（3）开发新的搜索算法，提高灵敏度和计算效率;和4）先进的LIGO干涉仪的探测器表征，重点是谱线识别和缓解。

The General Theory of Relativity discovered by Einstein tells us that the familiar, everyday force of gravity is a manifestation of something much stranger: the bending of the geometry of space-time by matter. Among the key predictions of the theory is the existence of gravitational waves: ripples moving at the speed of light in the geometry of space-time caused by the fast motion of large masses. Although well tested in terms of their indirect effects on binary systems of compact stars, the direct detection of gravitational waves incident on Earth poses an outstanding challenge. The scientific rewards from achieving this ability would be enormous - ranging from probing the extreme dynamics of exploding stars to gleaning information about the state of the Universe almost at the moment of the Big Bang itself. The effort to enable this new window on the universe has occupied several decades of experimental and technological developments that have pushed the boundaries across diverse fields in the physical sciences. The detection of continuous gravitational waves from rotating neutron stars would be especially interesting because many such sources are expected to continue emitting for long durations, allowing follow-up investigation of increasing precision, and because it is believed that these waves will provide insight into the poorly known structure of these exotic stars. The research to be carried out, on both the instrumental and analytical sides, will provide training to undergraduate and graduate students in state-of-the-art science at the frontier of knowledge.Research will focus on a number of specific areas related to the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (Advanced LIGO) Experiment: 1) co-leading the ongoing LIGO Scientific Collaboration's search for continuous gravitational waves; 2) carrying out searches for those waves from both isolated and binary neutron stars using programs developed previously by the University of Michigan gravitational waves group; 3) developing new search algorithms with improved sensitivity and computational efficiency; and 4) detector characterization of Advanced LIGO interferometers focused on spectral line identification and mitigation.