RAPID: Wildfire, Wine, and Water Quality: Immediate Changes to Biogeochemical and Hydrological Flows from Vineyards After the Northern California Fires

RAPID:野火、葡萄酒和水质:北加州火灾后葡萄园生物地球化学和水文流量的立即变化

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1808034
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 5万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2018-02-15 至 2019-07-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

In early October 2017, multiple wildfires ignited across Northern California's (CA) premier winegrowing region, incinerating vineyards and neighboring communities, with as yet unknown consequences for hydrology, biogeochemical cycling, water quality, and human and ecosystem health. This is a particularly important region to study the impacts of wildfire, as changes to soils and hydrology will likely affect the fate of the large reactive sulfur (S) loads applied to vineyards each year for powdery mildew control. Widespread S use may have consequences for adjacent ecosystems similar to those of inadvertent atmospheric S deposition (i.e., 'acid rain'), such as stimulating production of methylmercury, a potent neurotoxin. Given that wildfire may accelerate mobilization of S and other materials to adjacent aquatic ecosystems, the need to pursue this research has now become urgent. The study will address the immediate effects of wildfire on hydrological flow paths and mobilization of S from vineyards to streams. The project team will instrument a burned and unburned vineyard catchment with subsurface soil water and surface water (runoff and stream) collectors. They will conduct field observations of hydrologic flows during the first large rain events of the wet season to quantify mobilized S, C, and sediment, perform a laboratory experiment to determine chemical losses from burned and unburned soils over time, and develop methods to trace S in the environment. This study will provide a dataset critical for proceeding with longer-term efforts to develop field studies, experiments, and models to elucidate the ultimate fates and consequences of agricultural S use at the basin scale - a new area of research to understand human manipulation of the S cycle. This one-year project will be led by a female assistant professor, train a female graduate student, and provide data that will be important for farmers and other stakeholders. The research group will communicate their findings broadly in multiple workshops within the study region.The goal of this one-year field- and laboratory-based study is to provide an important dataset detailing the effects of recent, widespread wildfire on mobilization of agricultural sulfur (S) from vineyards to streams in the North Coast California winegrowing region. These data are a critical baseline to capture prior to initiating a new wave of research: determining the unintended consequences of high S applications in regional agricultural systems. The biogeochemical and ecological effects of high S use may be similar to those of inadvertent atmospheric S deposition (i.e., "acid rain"), but they have not yet been studied in vineyards or other crop systems. In particular, agriculturally-derived S may stimulate production of methylmercury in aquatic ecosystems downgradient of source areas, threatening the health of humans and wildlife. This study will make the first measurements of S, carbon (C), and sediment mobilized from burned vineyards to streams during the onset of the rainy season, and develop new geochemical and isotopic methods for tracing agriculturally-derived S species in the environment. To this end, the project team will instrument a burned and an unburned vineyard catchment with runoff collectors, ISCO stream samplers, soil water samplers, and soil moisture sensors to quantify hydrological flow paths and assess their chemical composition. They will also conduct burned and unburned soil core leaching experiments to determine the evolution of chemical losses over the course of a simulated wet season. These activities will test two hypotheses: (1) If the heat input from fire has dramatically changed surface soil properties relative to unburned vineyards, moderate-to-high intensity rain events will cause surface runoff that rapidly (minutes to hours) transports S, C, and sediment from burned vineyards to streams, and (2) If surface runoff dominates the hydrologic response in burned vineyards, then mobilized S species will have a light isotopic value, reflecting minimal interaction with the soil matrix.
2017年10月初,北加州(CA)主要的葡萄酒产区发生了多起野火,烧毁了葡萄园和邻近的社区,对水文、生物地球化学循环、水质、人类和生态系统健康造成的后果尚不清楚。这是研究野火影响的一个特别重要的地区,因为土壤和水文的变化可能会影响每年用于控制白粉病的葡萄园的大量活性硫(S)负荷的命运。S的广泛使用可能对邻近生态系统造成类似于无意中大气S沉积(即“酸雨”)的后果,例如刺激甲基汞(一种强效神经毒素)的产生。考虑到野火可能会加速S和其他物质向邻近水生生态系统的动员,现在迫切需要进行这项研究。该研究将解决野火对水文流动路径和从葡萄园到溪流的S动员的直接影响。项目团队将利用地下土壤水和地表水(径流和溪流)收集器对一个燃烧和未燃烧的葡萄园集水区进行测量。他们将在雨季第一次大降雨期间对水文流动进行实地观察,以量化动员的S、C和沉积物,进行实验室实验,以确定燃烧和未燃烧土壤随时间的化学损失,并开发追踪环境中S的方法。这项研究将提供一个重要的数据集,用于开展长期的实地研究、实验和模型,以阐明流域尺度农业S利用的最终命运和后果——这是一个新的研究领域,旨在了解人类对S循环的操纵。这个为期一年的项目将由一名女助理教授领导,培训一名女研究生,并提供对农民和其他利益相关者很重要的数据。研究小组将在研究区域内的多个研讨会上广泛交流他们的发现。这项为期一年的实地和实验室研究的目标是提供一个重要的数据集,详细说明最近广泛的野火对加州北海岸葡萄酒产区从葡萄园到溪流的农业硫(S)动员的影响。在启动新一波研究之前,这些数据是一个关键的基线:确定区域农业系统中高硫应用的意外后果。高硫利用的生物地球化学和生态效应可能类似于无意中的大气硫沉积(即“酸雨”),但尚未在葡萄园或其他作物系统中进行研究。特别是,农业来源的硫可能刺激源区水生生态系统中甲基汞的产生,威胁人类和野生动物的健康。这项研究将首次测量雨季开始时从燃烧的葡萄园到溪流的S、碳(C)和沉积物,并开发新的地球化学和同位素方法来追踪环境中农业衍生的S物种。为此,项目团队将利用径流收集器、ISCO溪流采样器、土壤水采样器和土壤湿度传感器对一个已烧毁和未烧毁的葡萄园集水区进行测量,以量化水文流动路径并评估其化学成分。他们还将进行燃烧和未燃烧的土壤核心浸出实验,以确定在模拟雨季过程中化学损失的演变。这些活动将检验两个假设:(1)与未燃烧的葡萄园相比,如果来自火灾的热量输入极大地改变了地表土壤性质,那么中到高强度降雨事件将导致地表径流迅速(几分钟到几小时)将S、C和沉积物从被烧毁的葡萄园输送到溪流中;(2)如果地表径流主导了被烧毁葡萄园的水文响应,那么被调动的S物种将具有较轻的同位素值,反映出与土壤基质的相互作用最小。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(1)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Fates and fingerprints of sulfur and carbon following wildfire in economically important croplands of California, U.S.
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142179
  • 发表时间:
    2021-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    A. Hermes;B. Ebel;S. Murphy;E. Hinckley
  • 通讯作者:
    A. Hermes;B. Ebel;S. Murphy;E. Hinckley
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Eve-Lyn Hinckley其他文献

Eve-Lyn Hinckley的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Eve-Lyn Hinckley', 18)}}的其他基金

CAREER: Acid Rain to Agriculture: An Integrated Research and Education Platform to Understand Human Manipulation of the Sulfur Cycle
职业:酸雨对农业:了解人类操纵硫循环的综合研究和教育平台
  • 批准号:
    1945388
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
EAR-PF: Critical Zone Controls on Hydrology and the Fate of Nitrogen in Montane Forests of the Colorado Front Range, U.S.
EAR-PF:美国科罗拉多州前沿山地森林水文和氮归宿的关键区域控制
  • 批准号:
    0847987
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship Award

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