Collaborative Research: Fully Integrated Power and Energy Systems with Multi-Infeed AC/DC Architecture: Developing Advanced Controls, Protections, and Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulati

美国能源部将微电网定义为在明确定义的电气边界内的一组相互连接的负载和分布式能源，作为关于电网的单个可控实体；它可以连接到电网和从电网断开，使其能够在并网或孤岛模式下运行。现代化的微电网模仿了大系统，但它有其自身的特点，必须有效地加以解决。在本项目中，将引入和研究完全集成电力和能源系统(FIPES)的概念，作为MGS集成的新趋势。基于FIPES的MG将能够提供高功率，包括更灵活的负载，改善电能质量，并将能够集成更多的电池能量存储系统(BESS)，以从其动态响应和/或能源套利中受益。这项研究开发了先进的MG的保护、控制和自动化，并帮助它们融合到一个单一的过程中。该项目开发的理论可用于其他领域的许多网络化系统，包括控制工程应用；先进的海军电力系统；基于通信的自动化能源系统；多智能体系统；以及过程控制系统。此外，本文增强的半实物仿真系统具有广泛的应用前景。该项目将特别关注佐治亚南方大学和密西西比州立大学代表不足的少数群体参与STEM研究和学习的情况。他们将从事与可再生能源整合的现代化电网的多学科课题。项目开发将用于通过外联方案和公开演示来增进公众知识。对现有STEM课程主题的改进和新的STEM课程主题的开发将给予密切的考虑。这项建议对作为MG未来发展趋势的完全集成的电力和能源系统(FIPES)概念的鲁棒和先进控制算法、保护方案和仿真方法的综合和开发进行了基础性的研究。这项基础性研究将基于快速、双向电力电子转换器的高渗透率，以在多馈入AC/DC架构中完全集成可再生能源和BESS。在这里，控制、稳定、性能和保护目标紧密相连，应采用先进的电力电子器件进行综合解决。除了容错方面，这项研究还考虑了电能质量，并将通过一种通过容错系统模拟网络攻击的创新方法来调查和解决相关的网络安全问题。结构的复杂性和组件的多样性导致了高度复杂的动态系统，其中传统的线性方法没有足够的竞争力来解决所需的目标。需要通过开发先进的非线性和稳健的方法来解决这些问题，这些方法还能够考虑到耦合动力学、频率可变的条件以及快速、紧凑的时间常数。因此，采用混合AC/DC结构可以在较低的硬件容量和较低的要求下实现电源系统的设计和性能目标。因此，该项目将通过为基于FIPES的MG开发健壮、先进的控制和保护系统来解决这些问题，方法包括整合多种动力学和部署非线性、动态系统理论。将利用控制/电源硬件在环(C/PHIL)测试和数字实时仿真来评估所提出的控制原理和保护方案的功能。关于PHIL测试的稳定性和性能，将相应提出新的改进的PHIL方法。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The U.S. Department of Energy defines the microgrid as a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid; it can connect to and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode. The modernized microgrid (MG) mimics large power systems, but it has its own characteristics which must be effectively addressed. In this project, fully integrated power and energy system (FIPES) concept will be introduced and investigated as a new trend in the integration of MGs. The FIPES-based MGs will be able to supply a high power, including more flexibility in loads, improve power quality, and will be able to integrate an increased number of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to benefit from their dynamic response and/or energy arbitrage. This research develops advanced MG's protections, controls, and automation and helps them merge into one single process. The developed theories of this project can be tailored and broadly developed for many networked-type of systems in other domains, including control engineering applications; advanced naval power systems; communication-based automated energy systems; multi-agent systems; and process control systems. Moreover, the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation systems enhanced here can be broadly utilized. The project will give specific attention to the involvement of underrepresented minorities at Georgia Southern University and Mississippi State University in STEM research and learning. They will be engaged in multidisciplinary topics in modernized power grids with renewables' integration. The project developments will be used to enhance public knowledge through outreach programs and public presentations. Improvement of existing and development of new STEM curriculum topics will be given close consideration.This proposal performs fundamental investigations into synthesis and development of robust and advanced control algorithms, protection schemes, and simulation methodologies for a fully integrated power and energy system (FIPES) concept as the future trend in an MG. This fundamental research will be based on high penetration of fast, bidirectional power electronic converters to fully integrate renewables and BESSs in a multi-infeed ac/dc architecture. Here, the control, stability, performance, and protection objectives are closely tied and shall be addressed integrally by adopting advanced power electronic devices. This research also considers the power quality, in addition to fault-tolerance aspects, and will also investigate and address the associated cybersecurity concerns via an innovative approach that models cyberattacks through fault-tolerant systems. The architectural complexity and components diversity yield to a highly complex dynamical system where the conventional linear approaches are not competitive enough to address the required objectives. They need to be addressed by developing advanced nonlinear and robust approaches which are also able to take into account the coupling dynamics; frequency-variable conditions; and fast, tight time-constants. Therefore, the power system's design and performance goals will be achieved at lower hardware capacities and requirements using hybrid ac/dc structure. This project will thus address those aspects by developing robust, advanced control and protection systems for FIPES-based MGs using an approach that consists of integrating multiple dynamics and deploying nonlinear, dynamical systems theories. Control-/power-hardware-in-the-loop (C/PHIL) testing and digital real-time simulations will be utilized to assess the functionality of proposed control philosophies and protection schemes. As regards the stability and performance of PHIL testing, new improved PHIL methods will be proposed accordingly.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.