Variation in Women's Economic Tradeoffs and Risk Preferences

女性经济权衡和风险偏好的变化

• 批准号: 1809186
• 负责人: Kathrine Starkweather
• 金额: $ 14.8万
• 依托单位: Starkweather Kathrine E
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-15 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1809186&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Variation; Women; Economic; Tradeoffs; Risk

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Melissa Emery Thompson at the University of New Mexico, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating the effects of differences in women's occupations on their household economies and physiological states, as well as the heath of themselves and their children. Most women in the United States and around the world engage in occupations that are more compatible with childcare than men's occupations and also that are less economically risky than men's occupations. However, some women do choose occupations that are neither compatible with childcare nor low risk, but very little is understood about what leads women to choose those types of occupations and what the outcomes are for women and their families. In order to better understand why some women choose these types of occupations and others choose more traditional ones, this project will conduct a study with women whose primary occupations represent this range. The goal of the project is to learn about potential positive and negative outcomes that result from different women's occupations in order to understand women's economic choices across different cultures. In doing so, factors that may buffer women and their children against more negative potential outcomes will be explored as well. The results of this project will be critical as women's roles in the household, local, and global economy continue to expand. It will also contribute to that expansion by employing and training women from underrepresented communities in social and lab-based sciences.The sexual division of labor is a hallmark of human societies that requires men and women to trade off allocation of individual time and energy between productive work and childcare. While evolutionary explanations for sex differences in these activities are rooted in the different reproductive roles of males and females, suggesting less flexibility for women than for men, empirical evidence suggests a great deal of variability in women's behavior. This project will highlight variability in women's productive work and risk preferences within a society where women show considerably more occupational variability and engage in significant risk-taking economic behavior. We will use a robust between- and within-individuals study design that employs mixed data collection methods in order to characterize behavioral and physiological flexibility and the costs and benefits for employing particular work and childcare strategies. The scope of this project will contribute to theory and knowledge about the evolutionary importance of variation in women's tradeoffs in three specific ways: 1) Results will challenge a pervasive notion in evolutionary theory about the human sexual division of labor with a case study of women who exhibit cross-culturally rare subsistence and parenting behavior; 2) Physiological correlates of behavior will shed light on the function of women's productive strategies and risk preferences; 3) Economic and health outcomes of women's productive strategies and risk preferences will tease apart costs and benefits of these behaviors and determine the nature of tradeoffs made by women. The broader goal is to contribute to a more comprehensive socioecological model of the human sexual division of labor that foregrounds the variability of women's tradeoffs in their familial and societal roles.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是 NSF 社会、行为和经济科学博士后研究奖学金 (SPRF) 计划的一部分。 SPRF 项目的目标是为学术界、工业界或私营部门以及政府的科学职业培养有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。 SPRF 奖项包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。 NSF 致力于促进科学界各个领域的科学家（包括来自代表性不足群体的科学家）参与其研究计划和活动；博士后时期被认为是实现这一目标的重要专业发展阶段。每个博士后研究员必须解决推动各自学科领域发展的重要科学问题。在新墨西哥大学梅丽莎·埃默里·汤普森博士的赞助下，这项博士后奖学金资助一位早期职业科学家研究女性职业差异对其家庭经济和生理状态以及她们自己和孩子的健康的影响。美国和世界各地的大多数女性从事的职业比男性职业更适合育儿，而且经济风险也比男性职业低。然而，一些女性确实选择了既不适合照顾孩子也不低风险的职业，但人们对是什么导致女性选择这些类型的职业以及会给女性及其家庭带来什么结果了解甚少。为了更好地理解为什么一些女性选择这些类型的职业而另一些女性选择更传统的职业，该项目将对主要职业属于这一范围的女性进行研究。该项目的目标是了解不同女性职业带来的潜在积极和消极结果，以了解不同文化中女性的经济选择。在此过程中，还将探讨可能缓冲妇女及其子女免受更多负面潜在结果影响的因素。随着妇女在家庭、地方和全球经济中的作用不断扩大，该项目的结果将至关重要。它还将通过在社会科学和实验室科学领域雇用和培训来自代表性不足的社区的妇女来促进这一扩张。性别分工是人类社会的一个标志，要求男性和女性在生产性工作和育儿之间权衡个人时间和精力的分配。虽然对这些活动中性别差异的进化解释植根于男性和女性不同的生殖角色，表明女性的灵活性低于男性，但经验证据表明女性的行为存在很大的可变性。该项目将强调社会中妇女生产性工作和风险偏好的可变性，在该社会中，妇女表现出更大的职业可变性并参与重大的冒险经济行为。我们将使用强大的个体间和个体内部研究设计，该设计采用混合数据收集方法，以描述行为和生理灵活性以及采用特定工作和儿童保育策略的成本和收益。该项目的范围将以三种具体方式促进关于女性权衡变异的进化重要性的理论和知识：1）结果将通过对表现出跨文化罕见生存和养育行为的女性的案例研究，挑战进化论中关于人类性别分工的普遍观念； 2) 行为的生理相关性将揭示妇女生产策略和风险偏好的功能； 3) 妇女生产策略和风险偏好的经济和健康结果将梳理这些行为的成本和收益，并决定妇女所做权衡的性质。更广泛的目标是为人类性别分工的更全面的社会生态学模型做出贡献，该模型突出了女性在家庭和社会角色中权衡的可变性。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。