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Bioarchaeological and Forensic Applications of Oxygen and Strontium Isoscape Methods

氧和锶等景观方法的生物考古和法医应用

基本信息

批准号：
1809470
负责人：
Cassandra Scaffidi
金额：
$ 14.8万
依托单位：
Scaffidi Cassandra K
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-15 至 2020-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1809470&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Bioarchaeological Forensic Applications Oxygen Strontium

项目摘要

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Kelly Knudson at Arizona State University, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating how spatial variation in stable and radiogenic isotopes throughout complex hydrological systems can be used to "geo-locate" or assign human or animal individuals of unknown geographic origin to specific places of origin along an isotopic landscape or "isoscape" Mammalian tissues record the signature of oxygen and strontium isotopes from the food, water, and air consumed during the period of development. Comparing oxygen and strontium tissue values enables the identification of outlier individuals, or first-generation migrant. However, to match migrants to their places of origin, it is first necessary to develop predictive, spatially-explicit isotope models of oxygen and strontium values throughout a study region. This project will systematically collect samples of water, soil, plants, and animals from ten major river valleys, analyze these materials to establish isotopic baseline values, and generate predictive dual-isotope and single-isotope models. Human archaeological values will then be matched to their most likely place of origin using probabilistic statistical methods. This project, conducted with the Archaeological Chemistry Laboratory of the Center for Bioarchaeological Research and the W. M. Keck Foundation Laboratory for Environmental Biogeochemistry at Arizona State University, analyzes biogeochemical variation in order to generate predictive isotope models for the probabilistic determination of provenience and isotopic life histories. The Fellow will carry out dry and wet season sampling campaigns, systematically collecting environmental samples of water, soil, plants, and fauna from regular altitudinal intervals. Samples from 100 control points will be re-sampled in the wet and dry season to understand the impact of seasonal weather patterns on isotope values. Archaeological applications of these methods can be used to trace ancient migration and trade networks between specific locations, or to identify the isotopic provenience of important people or artifacts. Importantly, this project will also establish a database, which will be a collaborative, cloud-based application for collecting and sharing isotope baseline data before and after publication. The field collection side of the database will be critical in standardizing the collection of baseline data, which will allow the scientific community to explore the relationships between landscape conditions and isotope values. The data-sharing side of the database will allow professionals and scientists access to isotope data and isoscape models, which will provide a tool for helping forensic and other researchers to pinpoint likely origins for individuals. These data and methods will serve as the foundation for geostatistically robust baseline maps, which can be used by anthropologists to understand human responses to environmental and cultural change, by ecologists or biologists working with these species, or by researchers investigating similar questions throughout the world.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是 NSF 社会、行为和经济科学博士后研究奖学金 (SPRF) 计划的一部分。 SPRF 项目的目标是为学术界、工业界或私营部门以及政府的科学职业培养有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。 SPRF 奖项包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。 NSF 致力于促进科学界各个领域的科学家（包括来自代表性不足群体的科学家）参与其研究计划和活动；博士后时期被认为是实现这一目标的重要专业发展阶段。每个博士后研究员必须解决推动各自学科领域发展的重要科学问题。在亚利桑那州立大学凯利·克努森博士的赞助下，该博士后奖学金支持一位早期职业科学家研究如何利用整个复杂水文系统中稳定和放射性同位素的空间变化来“地理定位”或将未知地理起源的人类或动物个体沿着同位素景观或“同位素景观”分配到特定的起源地哺乳动物组织记录氧的特征以及来自开发期间消耗的食物、水和空气的锶同位素。比较氧和锶组织值可以识别异常个体或第一代移民。然而，为了将移民与其原籍地相匹配，首先有必要开发整个研究区域的氧和锶值的预测性、空间明确的同位素模型。该项目将系统地采集十个主要河谷的水、土壤、植物和动物样本，分析这些材料以建立同位素基线值，并生成预测性双同位素和单同位素模型。然后，将使用概率统计方法将人类考古价值与其最可能的起源地进行匹配。该项目与生物考古研究中心的考古化学实验室和亚利桑那州立大学 W. M. Keck 环境生物地球化学实验室合作进行，分析生物地球化学变化，以生成预测同位素模型，用于概率确定来源和同位素生命史。该研究员将开展干季和湿季采样活动，从定期的海拔间隔系统地收集水、土壤、植物和动物的环境样本。来自 100 个控制点的样本将在雨季和旱季重新采样，以了解季节性天气模式对同位素值的影响。这些方法的考古应用可用于追踪特定地点之间的古代移民和贸易网络，或确定重要人物或文物的同位素来源。重要的是，该项目还将建立一个数据库，该数据库将是一个基于云的协作应用程序，用于在发布之前和之后收集和共享同位素基线数据。数据库的现场收集对于标准化基线数据收集至关重要，这将使科学界能够探索景观条件和同位素值之间的关系。该数据库的数据共享部分将允许专业人士和科学家访问同位素数据和同位素模型，这将提供一个工具来帮助法医和其他研究人员查明个人的可能起源。这些数据和方法将作为地统计稳健基线图的基础，人类学家可以使用该基线图来了解人类对环境和文化变化的反应，研究这些物种的生态学家或生物学家，或者调查世界各地类似问题的研究人员可以使用该基线图。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。