RESEARCH-PGR: SECRETome Project: Systematic Evaluation of CellulaR ExporT from plant cells

在多细胞生物体中，一些细胞专门负责分泌功能。分泌细胞的例子包括分泌营养以供分配的某些维管细胞、输出保护化合物的表皮细胞、分泌溶质以奖励传粉者的蜜腺、滋养生殖细胞的绒毛细胞和分泌营养以填充种子的种皮细胞。病原体显然通过操纵营养分泌系统来利用营养资源。尽管分泌细胞很重要，但对这些细胞和生物学过程的了解是有限的。该项目旨在确定分泌细胞的基本机制，以提高作物的质量和产量，提高植物与其他生物的相互作用，以及提高抗逆性。该项目团队结合了个体细胞类型的全基因组分析(Bailey-Serres，&amp；Girke，加州大学河滨分校)、膜运输过程(Frommer，Carnegie，Stanford)和基因组编辑(Yang，爱荷华州立大学)方面的专业知识。预计该项目将为农业提供新的有价值的工具和信息。该项目开发的概念和资源将被整合到两年制院校的班级中，这些院校招收了大量服务不足的学生。一个公共网站、博客和论坛将提供有专家和当地社区大学参与的关于基因组编辑技术的讨论。分泌组项目旨在确定植物分泌细胞各种功能的具体组成部分和调节机制。为了能够评估单个细胞和组织内的基因功能，成像、核糖体-信使核糖核酸复合体捕获、基因编辑和信息学将以综合的方式使用。通过对作物水稻和参考植物拟南芥的分析，将能够采取比较的方法。具体目标包括(1)在两个发育过程和两个生物相互作用的背景下，分析关键分泌细胞类型的核糖体相关转录本(转录体)，在两个发育过程和两个生物相互作用的背景下，突出地作用于邻近细胞的分泌或哺育；(2)识别特定分泌细胞类型的特征基因表达模式和网络，以便于选择用于功能研究的候选基因；以及(3)验证和表征分泌细胞特有的启动子和候选基因功能，包括亚细胞定位、生物化学和反向遗传表型。分泌细胞特异性启动子将对其他研究有价值(例如，控制增强病原体防御、有益微生物相互作用、肥力或种子质量的细胞特异性过程的基因)。这些结果将为细胞功能、发育和生物相互作用之间的交叉提供广泛的新见解。该项目将制作与本科生参与的关于基因组编辑的公共资源和话语论坛。

In multicellular organisms, some cells specialize in secretory functions. Examples of secretory cells include certain vascular cells that secrete nutrients for distribution, epidermal cells that export protective compounds, nectaries that secrete solutes to reward pollinators, tapetal cells that nourish reproductive cells, and seed coat cells that secrete nutrients to fill seeds. Pathogens apparently tap into nutrient resources by manipulating nutrient secretion systems. Despite the importance of secretory cells, the understanding of these cells and biological processes is limited. This project seeks to identify the fundamental mechanisms of secretory cells, to permit the enhancement of crop quality and yield, of the interaction of plants with other organisms, and of stress tolerance. The project team combines expertise in the genome-wide analysis of individual cell types (Bailey-Serres, & Girke, UC Riverside), membrane transport processes (Frommer, Carnegie, Stanford) and genome editing (Yang, Iowa State U). The project is expected to provide new tools and information of value for agriculture. Concepts and resources developed by the project will be integrated into classes at 2-year institutions with substantial enrollments of underserved students. A public website, blog and forum will provide discussion of genome editing technologies, with the participation of experts and local community colleges.The SECRETome project seeks to identify specific components and regulatory mechanisms of the varied functions of plant secretory cells. To enable an evaluation of gene function within individual cells and tissues, imaging, ribosome-mRNA complex capture, gene editing and informatics will be employed in an integrated fashion. A comparative approach will be enabled through the analysis of both the crop rice and the reference plant Arabidopsis. Specific aims include (1) the profiling of ribosome-associated transcripts (translatomes) of key secretory cell types with prominent roles in secretion or nursing of neighboring cells in the two species, in the context of two developmental processes and two biotic interactions, (2) the identification of characteristic gene expression patterns and networks for specific secretory cell-types to facilitate selection of candidate genes for functional studies, and (3) the validation and characterization of secretory cell-specific promoters and candidate gene functions, including subcellular location, biochemistry, and reverse-genetic phenotype. The secretory cell-specific promoters will be valuable for other studies (e.g., to control genes for cell-specific processes that enhance pathogen defense, beneficial microbial interactions, fertility or seed quality). The results will provide broad new insights into the intersection between cell function, development and biotic interactions. The project will produce public resources and discourse forums regarding genomic editing with the engagement of undergraduate students.