RAPID: Hurricane Maria Rapid Response: Field Observations of Post-storm Beach Recovery Dynamics in Rincon, Puerto Rico

RAPID：玛丽亚飓风快速响应：波多黎各林康风暴后海滩恢复动态的实地观察

• 批准号: 1812385
• 负责人: Patricia Chardon-Maldonado
• 金额: $ 9.37万
• 依托单位: University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1812385&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Hurricane; Maria; Rapid; Response

Tropical and extratropical storms can rapidly mobilize large amounts of sediment over large lengths of coastline, leading to coastal erosion. Morphological impacts of extreme storms on sandy beaches have received substantial attention, in part because of the increasing risk of coastal hazards and growing popularity of a coastal lifestyle. Prior research has focused on storm-induced nearshore morphological changes under erosive conditions. However, less attention has been paid to post-storm recovery or accretive processes, where the time scales are much longer. The results from this rapid response project could have wide-reaching benefits in future work related to beach management strategies and could help understand better how beaches respond and repair following storm activity. The study will also provide a baseline dataset for future numerical modeling efforts to enhance predictive capabilities regarding beach recovery and for comparison to post-storm beach recovery at other location with similar characteristics. Based upon the findings of this field study, a much better understanding of the coastal dynamics of Rincon, Puerto Rico, will be achieved. This is a first step towards a better understanding of possible shoreline protection projects for the area. This information will also allow personnel from state and federal agencies to inform coastal residents and stakeholders about the sediment transport pathways and possible causes leading to the severe erosion. The methodology applied in the present study could be readily implemented in other areas of Puerto Rico in which hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes information are needed. This effort will also aid in the development of local expertise by providing training to a graduate student with the goal of developing a thesis stemming from results of this project. High school teachers and students, college students and the general public will be involved in hands-on learning experiences related to this natural coastal process. The project investigators will also develop presentations (signs and posters) and will be available to talk to the public, people living in coastal regions, and coastal resource managers about this natural coastal process.The field study will focus on the collection of field data and remote sensing to assess the impact of Hurricane Maria on coastal morphology and quantify post-storm beach recovery dynamics in Rincon, Puerto Rico. Wave and current meters will be deployed at multiple locations along the coast of Rincon to capture the wave-induced currents in the nearshore region. Nearshore measurements will be complemented by two remote sensors to capture the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes associated with the post-storm recovery. The sensors will be installed on a retractable tower/tripod, and will help to identify the physical state of the beach and provide spatially resolved and accurate estimates of beach elevation. Live video feed and acquisition will be through a dedicated computer. Furthermore, topographic and bathymetric profile data will be collected with a jet ski-based bathymetric system and a real-time kinematic (RTK) Leica GPS system to measure the beach morphological changes. The single beam echo sounder mounted on the bottom of the watercraft hull has the capacity to measure depth up to 450 meters. Beach profile elevations will be obtained using a handheld antenna, with the surveyor walking offshore. Efforts will be performed to overlap the topographic profiles with the bathymetric profiles. These field observations will enable a quantification of the impact of the hurricane and the immediate post-storm recovery in Rincon and test the hypotheses that after Hurricane Maria's catastrophic impact on the site, beach recovery will be dictated by the hydrodynamics resulting from this year's swell season; and that a full beach recovery will not be completed prior to the next hurricane season.

热带风暴和热带风暴以外的风暴可迅速在长海岸线上移动大量沉积物，导致海岸侵蚀。极端风暴对桑迪的形态影响受到了极大的关注，部分原因是沿海灾害的风险越来越大，沿海生活方式越来越受欢迎。先前的研究主要集中在侵蚀条件下风暴引起的近岸形态变化。然而，很少有人注意到风暴后的恢复或增生过程，其中的时间尺度要长得多。这一快速反应项目的结果可能对今后有关海滩管理战略的工作产生广泛的惠益，并有助于更好地了解海滩在风暴活动后如何应对和修复。该研究还将为未来的数值模拟工作提供基线数据集，以提高有关海滩恢复的预测能力，并与具有类似特征的其他地点的风暴后海滩恢复进行比较。根据这项实地研究的结果，将更好地了解波多黎各林孔的海岸动态。这是更好地了解该地区可能的海岸线保护项目的第一步。这些信息还将使州和联邦机构的工作人员能够向沿海居民和利益攸关方通报沉积物运输途径和导致严重侵蚀的可能原因。在本研究中应用的方法可以很容易地实施在其他领域的波多黎各，其中流体动力学和形态动力学过程的信息是必要的。这一努力还将通过培训一名研究生，帮助发展当地的专门知识，其目标是根据这一项目的结果撰写一篇论文。高中教师和学生，大学生和公众将参与与这一自然海岸过程有关的实践学习经验。项目调查人员还将制作演示文稿（标志和海报），并将与公众、沿海地区居民和沿海资源管理人员讨论这一自然海岸过程。实地研究将侧重于收集实地数据和遥感，以评估飓风玛丽亚对沿海形态的影响，并量化波多黎各林孔的风暴后海滩恢复动态。波浪和海流计将部署在林孔海岸沿着的多个地点，以捕捉近岸地区的波浪诱导海流。近岸测量将由两个遥感器补充，以捕捉与风暴后恢复有关的水动力和地貌动力过程。这些传感器将安装在一个可伸缩的塔/三脚架上，将有助于确定海滩的物理状态，并提供空间分辨率和准确的海滩海拔估计。实时视频馈送和采集将通过专用计算机进行。此外，还将利用水上摩托艇测深系统和实时动态徕卡全球定位系统收集地形和测深剖面数据，以测量海滩的形态变化。安装在船舶船体底部的单波束回声测深仪能够测量高达450米的深度。海滩剖面高程将使用手持天线获得，测量员在海上行走。将努力使地形剖面图与测深剖面图重叠。这些实地观察将量化飓风的影响和风暴后林孔的立即恢复，并测试以下假设：飓风玛丽亚对现场造成灾难性影响后，海滩恢复将取决于今年涌浪季节产生的流体动力学;在下一个飓风季节之前不会完成海滩的全面恢复。