SaTC: CORE: Small: Collaborative: Tangible Privacy: User-Centric Sensor Designs for Assured Privacy

SaTC：核心：小型：协作：有形隐私：以用户为中心的传感器设计，确保隐私

基本信息

批准号：
1814513
负责人：
Apu Kapadia
金额：
$ 16万
依托单位：
Indiana University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-30 至 2021-09-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1814513&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
SaTC CORE Small Collaborative Tangible

项目摘要

High-fidelity, and often privacy-invasive, sensors are now becoming pervasive in our everyday environments. At home, digital assistants can constantly listen for instructions and security cameras can be on the lookout for unusual activity. Whereas once an individual's physical actions, in their own home, were private, now networked cameras and microphones can give rise to electronic privacy concerns for one's physical behaviors. Casual conversations and encounters, once thought to be private and ephemeral, now may be captured and disseminated or archived digitally. While these sensing devices benefit the users in many different ways, hence their popularity, their users may face serious privacy violations. A major problem with current sensing devices is that it is oftentimes unclear whether an audio or video sensor is, indeed, off upon visual inspection by occupants of a space. For example, sensors that have been hacked may indeed record people without their consent, even when their interfaces (e.g., small indicator lights) claim that they are off. The goal of this project is to explore privacy-enhanced sensor designs that provide people with the knowledge and assurance of when they are being recorded and what data is being captured and disseminated. Whereas purely software mechanisms may not inspire trust, physical mechanisms (e.g., a camera's physical lens cap) can provide a more tangible privacy guarantee to people. This project explores novel, physical designs of sensors that convey a clear and definite sense of assurance to people about their physical privacy. This project brings together expertise in computer security and privacy, access control, human computer interaction, and social computing. Through this interdisciplinary team, the project makes socio-technical contributions to both theory and practice by: (1) understanding the privacy concerns, needs, and behaviors of people in the face of increased sensing in physical environments; (2) exploring the design space for hardware sensing platforms to convey meaningful ('tangible') assurances of privacy to people by their physical appearance and function; (3) exploring visual indicators of what information is being sent over the network; and (4) exploring alternative sensor designs that trade off sensing fidelity for higher privacy. Together these designs combine hardware and software techniques to tangibly and visually convey a sense of privacy to people impacted by the sensors.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

高保真且通常是隐私侵入性的传感器现在在我们的日常环境中变得普遍。在家里，数字助理可以不断收听说明，安全摄像机可能会在寻找异常活动。尽管一个人在自己的家中的身体行为是私人的，现在是私人的，现在是网络的摄像机和麦克风可能会引起人们对自己的身体行为的电子隐私问题。曾经被认为是私人和短暂的随意对话和相遇，现在可以被数字化捕获，传播或存档。尽管这些传感设备以许多不同的方式使用户受益，因此他们的流行程度可能会面临严重的侵犯隐私行为。当前传感设备的一个主要问题是，通常不清楚在空间占用者的视觉检查时，音频或视频传感器是否确实存在。例如，即使被黑客入侵的传感器也可能在未经同意的情况下记录人们，即使他们的界面（例如，小指示灯）声称他们已经关闭。该项目的目的是探索具有隐私增强的传感器设计，这些传感器设计为人们提供了记录何时被记录以及正在捕获和传播的数据的知识和保证。尽管纯粹的软件机制可能不会激发信任，但物理机制（例如，相机的物理镜头盖）可以为人们提供更明显的隐私保证。该项目探讨了传感器的新颖，物理设计，这些传感器向人们传达了清晰明确的保证感。该项目汇集了计算机安全和隐私，访问控制，人类计算机交互和社交计算方面的专业知识。通过这个跨学科的团队，该项目通过以下方面对理论和实践做出了社会技术的贡献：（2）探索硬件传感平台的设计空间，以通过其外观和功能向人们传达有意义的（“有形”）保证；（3）探索网络上发送了哪些信息的视觉指标；（4）探索替代传感器设计，以折衷传感忠诚度以获得更高的隐私。这些设计共同结合了硬件和软件技术，以切实，在视觉上向受传感器影响的人传达一种隐私感。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛影响的评估评估标准来通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Defending Against Microphone-Based Attacks with Personalized Noise

DOI：
10.2478/popets-2021-0021
发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
影响因子：
0
作者：
Yuchen Liu-;Ziyu Xiang;Eun Ji Seong;Apu Kapadia;D. Williamson
通讯作者：
Yuchen Liu-;Ziyu Xiang;Eun Ji Seong;Apu Kapadia;D. Williamson

Making sense of risk in an increasingly cyber‐physical world

理解日益网络化和物理化的世界中的风险

DOI：
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Critical quarterly
影响因子：
0.2
作者：
Lee, Adam J.;Farzan, Rosta;Kapadia, Apu;Ahmad, Imtiaz
通讯作者：
Ahmad, Imtiaz

Tangible Privacy: Towards User-Centric Sensor Designs for Bystander Privacy

DOI：
10.1145/3415187
发表时间：
2020-10-01
期刊：
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
影响因子：
0
作者：
Ahmad, Imtiaz;Farzan, Rosta;Lee, Adam J.
通讯作者：
Lee, Adam J.

Privacy Considerations of the Visually Impaired with Camera Based Assistive Technologies: Misrepresentation, Impropriety, and Fairness

基于摄像头的辅助技术对视障者的隐私考虑：失实陈述、不当和公平

DOI：
10.1145/3373625.3417003
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
The 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
影响因子：
0
作者：
Akter, Taslima;Ahmed, Tousif;Kapadia, Apu;Swaminathan, Swami Manohar
通讯作者：
Swaminathan, Swami Manohar