Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Use of Material Remains to Trace Cultural Interaction

博士论文改进奖：利用物质遗存追踪文化互动

• 批准号: 1817552
• 负责人: Gregson Schachner
• 金额: $ 1.96万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-03-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1817552&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Use

Animals figure prominently in prehistoric ritual and religion throughout the world. Because of their unique colors, behaviors, and their ability to fly, birds in particular have been one of the most symbolically important types of animals throughout time. This is especially true in the prehistoric Americas, where the study of their remains from archaeological sites can help address questions concerning prehistoric ritual and religion. Katelyn Bishop, a PhD Candidate at the University of California, Los Angeles, will examine prehistoric Pueblo ritual and religion through an analysis of the use and ideological significance of birds in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico between AD 850-1150. Ethnographic, ethnohistoric, and archaeological research have demonstrated the centrality of birds in Pueblo ritual and cosmology; avifaunal remains, which are frequently under-studied, should therefore be considered strong indicators of ritual practice, the analysis of which can speak to ideological perceptions and belief. The reconstruction of ritual practices in Chaco Canyon, a major social and ceremonial center in what is now New Mexico, during the Pueblo II period (AD 900-1150), will contextualize these traditions in the long development of Pueblo ritual and religion, and within broader regional context in the greater Southwest. The results of this research may have relevance to modern descendent communities, and can enrich the experience of visitors to the Chaco Canyon National Historical Park through the creation of an interpretive exhibit on the past and present importance of birds in the Pueblo world, and online material for those who cannot access the remote location of the park. This project will bring together material from widely disbursed institutions, and demonstrate the importance of bringing to light old and unpublished collections from historic excavations.Through the analysis of both avifaunal remains and the depiction of birds in art, Bishop seeks to address three major goals: (1) to understand the nature of ritual practice and ideologies that involved birds; (2) to understand how ritual was organized across the canyon, within and between multiple great houses and small sites; and (3) to examine change over time in the nature of ritual and its organization. In the process of achieving these goals, this project will synthesize all avifaunal remains and bird imagery from the nearly 130-year long history of excavation in the canyon. Bishop relies on the theoretical perspective of ritual as a form of social practice, where ritual is a dynamic activity that is both structured by and can restructure existing social and belief structures. This theoretical perspective makes it possible to understand what ritual practices may have looked like, and how they may have changed over time. She also employs ethnographically-based models to understand the organization of this ritual practice, with expectations derived from modern and historic organizational principles of ritual. Under the guidance of Dr. Gregson Schachner, Bishop's research will advance our understanding of Pueblo ritual and religion, the nature of the Chaco regional system, and the value of birds in prehistory.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

动物在世界各地的史前仪式和宗教中占有重要地位。由于它们独特的颜色，行为和飞行能力，鸟类一直是最具象征意义的动物之一。在史前美洲尤其如此，在那里，对考古遗址中的遗骸进行研究可以帮助解决有关史前仪式和宗教的问题。Katelyn Bishop是加州大学洛杉矶分校的博士生，她将通过分析公元850-1150年间新墨西哥州查科峡谷鸟类的使用和意识形态意义，来研究史前普韦布洛人的仪式和宗教。人种学、人种历史学和考古学的研究已经证明了鸟类在普韦布洛仪式和宇宙学中的中心地位;鸟类化石经常被研究不足，因此应该被认为是仪式实践的有力指标，对它的分析可以说明意识形态的感知和信仰。在普韦布洛二世时期（公元900-1150年），查科峡谷是现在新墨西哥州的一个主要社会和仪式中心，在这里重建仪式实践，将把这些传统置于普韦布洛仪式和宗教的长期发展中，并置于大西南地区更广泛的区域背景中。这项研究的结果可能与现代后代社区有关，并可以丰富游客到查科峡谷国家历史公园的经验，通过创建一个解释性的展览，过去和现在的普韦布洛世界的鸟类的重要性，和在线材料，为那些谁不能访问公园的偏远位置。该项目将汇集来自广泛分布的机构的材料，并展示从历史发掘中揭示旧的和未出版的收藏品的重要性。通过对鸟类遗迹和艺术中鸟类描绘的分析，毕晓普试图解决三个主要目标：（1）了解涉及鸟类的仪式实践和意识形态的性质;（2）了解仪式是如何组织在整个峡谷，内部和之间的多个大房子和小网站;（3）检查变化随着时间的推移，在性质的仪式和它的组织。在实现这些目标的过程中，该项目将综合峡谷近130年的挖掘历史中的所有鸟类遗迹和鸟类图像。毕晓普依赖于仪式作为一种社会实践形式的理论视角，仪式是一种动态的活动，既由现有的社会和信仰结构构成，又可以重构现有的社会和信仰结构。这种理论视角使人们有可能理解仪式的做法可能是什么样子，以及它们如何随着时间的推移而变化。她还采用基于民族志的模型来理解这种仪式实践的组织，并从仪式的现代和历史组织原则中获得期望。在Gregson Schachner博士的指导下，Bishop的研究将促进我们对普韦布洛仪式和宗教的理解，查科区域系统的性质，以及史前鸟类的价值。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。