Collaborative Research: Eukaryotic virus-host interaction and evolution in Saccharomyces yeasts

没有一种病毒能感染所有的宿主物种，病毒的宿主范围通常是有限的。有时，即使是一个细胞成分的变化也可能使宿主变成抵抗物种，或者使非宿主变成病毒的宿主。该项目将研究啤酒/面包酵母酿酒酵母，以了解病毒的存在如何选择改变病毒复制的宿主特异性变化，以及病毒如何适应感染新宿主。对啤酒酵母和面包酵母的熟悉和公众的兴趣将促进对公众的宣传，并将开发使用酵母的高中实验进化课程。酿酒酵母对病毒寄生的反应以及病毒对宿主环境变化的进化反应。病毒在酵母中的持久性驱动宿主和病毒的进化，因为细胞机制适应于消除病毒复制，并且病毒进化以确保其持久性。 被不同类型病毒感染的酵母菌将在实验室中进化数百代，以实时观察对病毒寄生的进化反应。下一代测序技术将用于鉴定宿主或病毒中对持续病毒复制和/或抗病毒防御至关重要的适应性遗传变化。现有的遗传工具对S.酿酒酵母将允许操纵宿主和病毒，以确定适应性变化对病毒持久性的影响。这项工作将建立在以前的观察，已经确定了宿主基因的物种特异性变化，可以影响酵母菌内的病毒复制。这项研究的预期成果是更好地了解病毒和宿主之间在多代中的动态相互作用，并确定控制S.啤酒。由于真核生物的共同祖先和保守的细胞机制，这些发现可能适用于高等真核生物的病毒-宿主相互作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

No virus can infect all host species; virus host range is usually limited. Sometimes, a change in even one cellular component may turn a host into a resistant species, or a non-host into a host for a virus. This project will study the brewer's/baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to understand how the presence of a virus can select for host-specific changes that alter the replication of viruses, and how viruses can adapt to infect new hosts. The familiarity and public interest in brewer's/baker's yeast will facilitate the outreach to the public, and experimental evolution curriculum for high schools using yeasts will be developed.The goal of this project is to identify adaptive changes that occur within S. cerevisiae in response to viral parasitism and the evolutionary response of viruses to changing host environments. Persistence of viruses within yeasts drives the evolution of both host and virus as cellular machinery adapts to abrogate virus replication and viruses evolve to ensure their persistence. Saccharomyces yeasts that are infected with different types of viruses will be evolved in the laboratory over hundreds of generations to observe the evolutionary response to viral parasitism in real-time. Next generation sequencing techniques will be used to identify adaptive genetic changes in either the host or virus that are important for persistent viral replication and/or antiviral defense. The genetic tools available for S. cerevisiae will allow the manipulation of both host and virus to identify the consequences of adaptive changes on virus persistence. This work will build on previous observations that have identified species-specific changes in host genes that can affect the replication of viruses within Saccharomyces yeasts. The expected outcomes of this research are a better understanding of the dynamic interplay between virus and host over multiple generations and the identification of genes and cellular processes that govern viral persistence within S. cerevisiae. Due to the common ancestry and conserved cellular mechanisms of eukaryotic organisms, these findings could potentially be applicable to virus-host interactions of higher eukaryotes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.