Collaborative research: Quantifying the influence of nonconsumptive predator effects on prey population dynamics

合作研究:量化非消耗性捕食者效应对猎物种群动态的影响

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1820540
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2017-11-22 至 2022-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Predators can affect populations of their prey in two ways: by consuming them ("consumptive effects" or "CE"s), or by causing the prey to change behavior to avoid contact with the predator. For example, prey often spend less time feeding and more time watching out for predators, which comes with the cost of lower food intake and thus slower growth. Such "non-consumptive effects" (NCEs) have been described for a wide range of terrestrial and marine prey species, from elk to clams, but mostly in short-term ( 1 month) experiments. These prior results suggest that in some cases, the behavioral changes (NCEs) have a bigger effect on prey populations than consumption by predators (CEs). However, those short-term, controlled experiments may artificially inflate the perceived importance of NCEs. Over longer time periods, prey may adapt or become acclimated to predation risk, and NCEs may become less important. Additionally, environmental variability (e.g., differences in the availability of the prey's food between study sites) may have a bigger effect on prey populations than NCEs do. This project will use a combination of short- (months) and long-term (years) field experiments and mathematical models to evaluate the role of NCEs on Florida oyster reefs. The prey species in this study is the eastern oyster, an important marine resource in the southeast US for harvesting and habitat creation; the main oyster predator is a mud crab. In this study, results from mathematical models of oyster populations will be compared to experimental data from the field to see whether including NCEs in the model leads to better model predictions. Better understanding of NCEs in oysters should improve management of that important marine resource. Furthermore, the mathematical model will be used to develop broader, generalizable conclusions about the importance of NCEs that could be applied to other important prey species. This project will provide data useful for oyster resource management, will support public education regarding the ecological importance of NCEs, and will enhance the scientific engagement of underrepresented groups in the study region. The project will support a partnership with the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve in Florida, including data sharing, sponsoring an oyster management symposium, and funding the development of multimedia scientific outreach materials at the reserve that will be used by a large and diverse population of K-12 students in the surrounding community. The project will train a postdoctoral researcher, two graduate students, two undergraduate students, and research results will be disseminated by those students and the principal investigators at scientific conferences, in journal publications, and in online content through an ongoing partnership with a Florida public television station. Predators can alter prey population dynamics by causing fear-based shifts in prey traits (nonconsumptive effect, NCE). The importance of NCEs for prey populations - relative to direct consumption by predators (consumptive effects, CEs) - remains uncertain, particularly because short-term studies of NCEs cannot estimate their effect over multiple prey generations. This project addresses that knowledge gap by combining short- and long-term field experiments with population models to investigate the importance of NCEs on oyster population dynamics in a Florida estuary. The central question is whether accounting for NCEs improves the ability to predict long-term trends in oyster population abundance. Several types of NCEs are present in this system: exposure to water containing predator odors reduces oyster larval recruitment and causes juvenile oysters to increase shell thickness, reducing their somatic growth. In addition to CEs and NCEs , environmental gradients in stress, food, and propagule delivery are also present in this system. Those environmental factors can have strong effects on post-settlement survivorship, growth, and recruitment of oysters, so the relative importance of predator CEs and NCEs may vary along those spatial gradients as well. This project will consist of four components. (1) A series of short-term field experiments to test how NCEs vary with predator density and environmental variables, and whether one of the NCEs (increased shell thickness) actually reduces vulnerability to predators. (2) A population model, parameterized using experimental results; model simulations will quantify how the relative importance of NCEs should vary over time, space, and environmental gradients. (3) A longer-term (3.5 year) field experiment; the results from this experiment will be compared to model predictions to test whether accounting for NCEs improves predictions of long-term variation in oyster population dynamics. (4) A general form of the model will be developed to broadly investigate the effect of NCEs on non-equilibrium, transient population dynamics. By combining models and field experiments, this project will bridge the gap between the theoretical understanding of how NCEs affect population dynamics and empirical tests of that theory, advancing the field towards the goal of predicting how multiple interacting factors structure communities.
捕食者可以通过两种方式影响猎物的数量:通过消耗它们(“消耗效应”或“CE”),或者通过使猎物改变行为以避免与捕食者接触。例如,猎物通常花更少的时间进食,更多的时间注意捕食者,这意味着食物摄入量减少,从而生长缓慢。这种“非消耗性效应”已在从麋鹿到蛤等一系列陆地和海洋被捕食物种中得到描述,但大多是在短期(1个月)实验中。这些先前的结果表明,在某些情况下,行为变化(NCE)对猎物种群的影响比捕食者(CE)的消费更大。然而,这些短期的对照实验可能会人为地夸大国家竞争性考试的重要性。在较长的时间内,猎物可能会适应或成为驯化捕食风险,和NCE可能变得不那么重要。此外,环境变化(例如,研究地点之间猎物食物可获得性的差异)可能对猎物种群的影响大于NCE。该项目将使用短期(数月)和长期(数年)的现场实验和数学模型相结合,以评估NCEs对佛罗里达牡蛎礁的作用。在这项研究中的猎物物种是东部牡蛎,在美国东南部的收获和栖息地创造的重要海洋资源;主要的牡蛎捕食者是一个泥蟹。在这项研究中,牡蛎种群的数学模型的结果将进行比较,从现场的实验数据,看看是否包括NCE在模型中导致更好的模型预测。更好地了解牡蛎中的NCEs应该改善对这一重要海洋资源的管理。此外,数学模型将被用来开发更广泛的,概括性的结论的重要性,可以适用于其他重要的猎物物种的NCE。该项目将为牡蛎资源管理提供有用的数据,将支持有关NCEs生态重要性的公众教育,并将加强研究区域代表性不足的群体的科学参与。该项目将支持与佛罗里达的Guana Tolomato马坦萨斯国家河口研究保护区的伙伴关系,包括数据共享,赞助牡蛎管理研讨会,并资助保护区的多媒体科学宣传材料的开发,这些材料将被周围社区的K-12学生的大量和多样化人口使用。该项目将培训一名博士后研究员,两名研究生,两名本科生,研究结果将由这些学生和主要研究人员在科学会议上,在期刊出版物上传播,并通过与佛罗里达公共电视台的持续合作关系在在线内容中传播。捕食者可以通过引起猎物特征的基于恐惧的变化(非消耗效应,NCE)来改变猎物种群动态。NCEs对猎物种群的重要性-相对于捕食者的直接消费(消费效应,CE)-仍然不确定,特别是因为NCEs的短期研究无法估计其对多个猎物世代的影响。本项目通过将短期和长期的现场实验与种群模型相结合来解决这一知识缺口,以调查佛罗里达河口的NCEs对牡蛎种群动态的重要性。核心问题是,考虑NCE是否提高了预测牡蛎种群丰度长期趋势的能力。在这个系统中存在几种类型的NCE:暴露于含有捕食者气味的水中会减少牡蛎幼虫的招募,并导致幼牡蛎增加壳厚度,减少其体细胞生长。除了CE和NCE之外,该系统中还存在应激、食物和繁殖体递送的环境梯度。这些环境因素可以有很强的影响后定居的生存,增长和招聘的牡蛎,所以相对重要性的捕食者CE和NCE可能会有不同的沿着这些空间梯度。该项目将由四个部分组成。(1)一系列短期的实地实验,以测试如何NCE随捕食者密度和环境变量的变化,以及NCE(增加外壳厚度)是否真的减少了对捕食者的脆弱性。(2)人口模型,使用实验结果参数化;模型模拟将量化NCE的相对重要性如何随时间,空间和环境梯度而变化。(3)一个长期(3.5年)的现场实验,从这个实验的结果将进行比较,模型预测,以测试是否占NCE提高预测牡蛎种群动态的长期变化。(4)该模型的一般形式将广泛调查非均衡,瞬态人口动态的NCE的效果。通过结合模型和实地实验,该项目将弥合NCEs如何影响种群动态的理论理解与该理论的实证检验之间的差距,推动该领域朝着预测多个相互作用的因素如何构建社区的目标前进。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(1)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Environmental forcing and predator consumption outweigh the nonconsumptive effects of multiple predators on oyster reefs
环境强迫和捕食者的消耗超过了多种捕食者对牡蛎礁的非消耗性影响
  • DOI:
    10.1002/ecy.3041
  • 发表时间:
    2020
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.8
  • 作者:
    Kimbro, David L.;Tillotson, Hanna G.;White, J. Wilson
  • 通讯作者:
    White, J. Wilson
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James White其他文献

Neutralization and homophony avoidance in phonological learning
语音学习中的中和与同音避免
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.4
  • 作者:
    Sora Heng Yin;James White
  • 通讯作者:
    James White
Alcohol and Drug Use among Alumni of Foster Care: Decreasing Dependency Through Improvement of Foster Care Experiences
寄养校友中的酒精和毒品使用:通过改善寄养体验减少依赖性
Interarm differences in systolic blood pressure and mortality among US army veterans
美国退伍军人收缩压和死亡率的臂间差异
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2016
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    James White;L. Mortensen;M. Kivimäki;C. Gale
  • 通讯作者:
    C. Gale
Association of diet in nurseries and physical activity with zBMI in 2–4-year olds in England: a cross-sectional study
英国 2-4 岁儿童托儿所饮食和体力活动与 zBMI 的关联:一项横断面研究
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.5
  • 作者:
    V. Er;Kaiseree I Dias;A. Papadaki;James White;S. Wells;D. Ward;C. Metcalfe;R. Jago;R. Kipping
  • 通讯作者:
    R. Kipping
An Analysis of the Politics and Economics of Allowing Wine in Grocery Stores in Tennesssee
田纳西州杂货店允许销售葡萄酒的政治和经济分析
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2014
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    James White
  • 通讯作者:
    James White

James White的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('James White', 18)}}的其他基金

URBAN RETROFIT UK: Scaling up place-based adaptations to the built environment through planning and development systems
英国城市改造:通过规划和开发系统扩大对建筑环境的基于地点的适应
  • 批准号:
    ES/Z502728/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Collaborative Research: RAPID: Quantifying mechanisms by which Hurricane Michael facilitates a stable-state reversal on oyster reefs
合作研究:RAPID:量化迈克尔飓风促进牡蛎礁稳定状态逆转的机制
  • 批准号:
    1916870
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative research: Mating systems as mechanisms for resilience of species in which the environment determines whether they become male or female
合作研究:交配系统作为物种复原力的机制,其中环境决定它们是雄性还是雌性
  • 批准号:
    1904615
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative research: Quantifying the influence of nonconsumptive predator effects on prey population dynamics
合作研究:量化非消耗性捕食者效应对猎物种群动态的影响
  • 批准号:
    1736971
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: RUI: Impacts of size-selective mortality on sex-changing fishes
合作研究:RUI:尺寸选择性死亡率对变性鱼类的影响
  • 批准号:
    1909303
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Workshop: Integrating the natural and social sciences and the arts to foster public engagement with issues of community sustainability
研讨会:整合自然科学、社会科学和艺术,促进公众参与社区可持续发展问题
  • 批准号:
    1746106
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Digitization TCN: Collaborative: The Microfungi Collections Consortium: A Networked Approach to Digitizing Small Fungi mwith Large Impacts on the Function of Health of Ecosystems
数字化 TCN:协作:微型真菌收藏联盟:对对生态系统健康功能产生重大影响的小真菌进行数字化的网络方法
  • 批准号:
    1502788
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Record of the Triple-oxygen Isotope and Hydrogen Isotope Composition of Ice from an Ice Core at South Pole
合作研究:南极冰芯冰的三氧同位素和氢同位素组成记录
  • 批准号:
    1443328
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: RUI: Impacts of size-selective mortality on sex-changing fishes
合作研究:RUI:尺寸选择性死亡率对变性鱼类的影响
  • 批准号:
    1435473
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Refining Long-term Climate Records from the Renland Ice Cap
合作研究:完善伦兰冰盖的长期气候记录
  • 批准号:
    1304109
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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Collaborative Research: Sediment and Stability: Quantifying the Effect of Moraine Building on Greenland Tidewater Glaciers
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合作研究:BoCP-实施:量化生物多样性淡水生态系统对突然和渐进的环境变化的响应
  • 批准号:
    2325891
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Sediment and Stability: Quantifying the Effect of Moraine Building on Greenland Tidewater Glaciers
合作研究:沉积物和稳定性:量化冰碛建筑对格陵兰潮水冰川的影响
  • 批准号:
    2234520
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: BoCP-Implementation: Quantifying the response of biodiverse freshwater ecosystems to abrupt and progressive environmental change
合作研究:BoCP-实施:量化生物多样性淡水生态系统对突然和渐进的环境变化的响应
  • 批准号:
    2325893
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: BoCP-Implementation: Quantifying the response of biodiverse freshwater ecosystems to abrupt and progressive environmental change
合作研究:BoCP-实施:量化生物多样性淡水生态系统对突然和渐进的环境变化的响应
  • 批准号:
    2325894
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Quantifying the effects of variable light and iron on the nitrate assimilation isotope effect of phytoplankton
合作研究:量化可变光和铁对浮游植物硝酸盐同化同位素效应的影响
  • 批准号:
    2333913
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.96万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
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