The Affect Of Environmental Variation On Social Organization

托马斯Pluckhahn博士（南佛罗里达大学）和维克托汤普森（格鲁吉亚大学）将进行研究，共同财产制度随着时间的推移在环境和社会政治背景的变化而变化的方式。人类学和历史学的案例研究一次又一次地驳斥了长期存在的观念，即只有通过国家控制或私有财产制度才能有效地管理公共财产资源，这些案例研究表明，从小社区到民族国家的社会群体如何设计出有效的资源管理系统，其中一些系统持续了很长一段时间。然而，人们对共同财产制度如何随着时间的推移而发展和变化知之甚少。因此，研究人员也缺乏可靠的能力，无法预测现有的制度会如何随着未来自然和社会环境的扰动而发生变化。普鲁克汉博士和汤普森博士将与一个研究生团队和一名博士后学者沿着，研究全新世晚期坦帕湾河口土著社会的海洋保有权--集体管理的渔业使用权--的变化，从公元250年到1650年从这个时间范围结束的西班牙帐户描述了一个破碎的社会政治景观，包括交战，以领土为基础的酋长，而考古证据从较早的时间范围表明，一个更分散的人口较少的社会分层和群体间的冲突。该研究通过一项考古和古生态学测试计划，检验了这一假设，即这种转变是海洋保有权变化与自然和社会环境变化相结合的结果。为了重建古代海洋保有权系统，本研究采用牡蛎壳的同位素研究，并结合分析具有不同盐度耐受力的贝类物种的相对丰度，以模拟收集的栖息地。为了重建全球气候变化的地方和区域表现，研究人员将从考古遗址附近的湿地收集花粉和沉积物。社会政治组织的变化将通过一项在土丘和村庄综合体进行考古测试和浅层地球物理学的计划来确定。时间控制由严格的放射性碳测年程序提供。这个跨学科的数据集将有助于更好地了解公共财产资源管理系统如何随着时间的推移而重塑，并在此过程中提供可能有助于预测当代公共政策变化的见解，这些公共政策管理着空气，水，基因库，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Drs. Thomas Pluckhahn (University of South Florida) and Victor Thompson (University of Georgia) will undertake research regarding the manner in which common property regimes shift over time in relation to changes in environmental and socio-political contexts. The longstanding notion that common property resources are effectively managed only through state control or private property regimes has been refuted time and again by anthropological and historical case studies demonstrating how social groups ranging from small communities to nation-states have devised effective systems of resource management, some of which endure for long periods of time. However, the manner in which common property institutions develop and change over time is poorly understood. As a result, researchers also lack the ability to reliably predict how existing regimes may change with respect to future perturbations in natural and social environments.Drs. Pluckhahn and Thompson, along with a team of graduate students and a post-doctoral scholar, will study changes in sea tenure - the collectively-managed use rights to fisheries - among the native societies of the Tampa Bay estuary during the late Holocene, from around AD 250 to 1650. Spanish accounts from the end of this time range describe a fractured socio-political landscape comprised of warring, territorially-based chiefdoms, while archaeological evidence from the earlier range of the time frame suggests a more dispersed population with less social stratification and little inter-group conflict. The research tests the hypothesis that this transformation was the result of changes in sea tenure occurring in conjunction with shifts in the natural and social environments, through a program of archaeological and paleoecological testing. For the reconstruction of ancient systems of sea tenure, the research employs isotopic studies of oyster shells in concert with the analysis of the relative abundance of shellfish species with varying salinity tolerances, to model habitat of collection. To reconstruct the local and regional manifestations of global shifts in climate, the researchers will collect pollen and sediments from wetlands adjacent to archaeological sites. Changes in socio-political organization will be identified through a program of archaeological testing and shallow geophysics at mound and village complexes. Temporal control is provided by a rigorous program of radiocarbon dating. This interdisciplinary dataset will contribute to a better understanding of how common property resource management systems may be remade over time and, in doing so, offer insights potentially useful for predicting changes in contemporary public policies regulating common-property resources as diverse as air, water, gene pools, and the internet.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.