RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: "Time zero"

RAPID：合作研究：海洋生态系统对拉森 C 冰架破裂的响应：“零时间”

• 批准号: 1822256
• 负责人: Craig Smith
• 金额: $ 2.61万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-03-01 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1822256&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Marine; Ecosystem

Marine ecosystems under large ice shelves are thought to contain sparse, low-diversity plankton and seafloor communities due the low supply of food from productive sunlight waters. Past studies have shown sub-ice shelf ecosystems to change in response to altered oceanographic processes resulting from ice-shelve retreat. However, information on community changes and ecosystem structure under ice shelves are limited because sub-ice-shelf ecosystems have either been sampled many years after ice-shelf breakout, or have been sampled through small boreholes, yielding extremely limited spatial information. The recent breakout of the A-68 iceberg from the Larsen C ice shelf in the western Weddell Sea provides an opportunity to use a ship-based study to evaluate benthic communities and water column characteristics in an area recently vacated by a large overlying ice shelf. The opportunity will allow spatial assessments at the time of transition from an under ice-shelf environment to one initially exposed to conditions more typical of a coastal Antarctic marine setting. This RAPID project will help determine the state of a coastal Antarctic ecosystem newly exposed from ice-shelf cover and will aid in understanding of rates of community change during transition. The project will conduct a 10-day field program, allowing contrasts to be made of phytoplankton and seafloor megafaunal communities in areas recently exposed by ice-shelf loss to areas exposed for many decades. The project will be undertaken in a collaborative manner with the South Korean Antarctic Agency, KOPRI, by participating in a cruise in March/May 2018. Combining new information in the area of Larsen C with existing observations after the Larsen A and B ice shelf breakups further to the north, the project is expected to generate a dataset that can elucidate fundamental processes of planktonic and benthic community development in transition from food-poor to food-rich ecosystems. The project will provide field experience to two graduate students, a post-doctoral associate and an undergraduate student. Material from the project will be incorporated into graduate courses and the project will communicate daily work and unfolding events through social media and blogs while they explore this area of the world that is largely underexplored.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人们认为，由于多产的阳光水域的食物供应不足，大冰架下的海洋生态系统包含稀疏、低多样性的浮游生物和海底群落。过去的研究表明，冰架下生态系统会随着冰架退缩导致的海洋过程变化而发生变化。然而，有关冰架下群落变化和生态系统结构的信息有限，因为冰架下生态系统要么是在冰架破裂多年后采样的，要么是通过小钻孔采样的，产生的空间信息极其有限。最近，A-68 冰山从威德尔海西部的拉森 C 冰架中冲出，为利用船基研究评估最近被上覆大型冰架腾空的区域的底栖群落和水柱特征提供了机会。这一机会将允许在从冰架下环境过渡到最初暴露于更典型的南极沿海海洋环境的环境时进行空间评估。该 RAPID 项目将有助于确定新近从冰架覆盖中暴露出来的南极沿海生态系统的状态，并将有助于了解过渡期间群落变化的速度。该项目将进行为期 10 天的实地计划，对最近因冰架消失而暴露的地区的浮游植物和海底巨型动物群落与几十年来暴露的地区进行对比。该项目将与韩国南极机构 KOPRI 合作开展，参加 2018 年 3 月/5 月的一次巡航。该项目将拉森 C 地区的新信息与北部拉森 A 和 B 冰架破裂后的现有观测结果相结合，预计将生成一个数据集，阐明浮游和底栖群落从食物匮乏到食物匮乏过渡的基本过程。 食物丰富的生态系统。该项目将为两名研究生、一名博士后和一名本科生提供现场经验。该项目的材料将纳入研究生课程，并且该项目将通过社交媒体和博客传达日常工作和正在发生的事件，同时探索世界上这个基本上未被充分探索的领域。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。