Collaborative Proposal: Radiometric Dating of Whale Bones-a Tool for Study of Succession and Persistence of Whale Fall Chemoautotrohic Assemblages

合作提案：鲸鱼骨骼的放射性测年——研究鲸鱼坠落化能自养组合的继承和持续性的工具

• 批准号: 0095904
• 负责人: Craig Smith
• 金额: $ 5.24万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-15 至 2005-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0095904&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Radiometric; Dating; Whale

AbstractOPP-0096422 & OPP-0095904P.I.s David Kadko & Craig SmithThe first discovery of chemoautotrophic community living on a seafloor whale-fall carcass was made in the Santa Catalina Basin in 1987. Subsequent discoveries in the Pacific and the fossil record confirm that such communities are widespread in the modern ocean and have occurred over evolutionary timespans. The communities supported by the whale-fall environment bear taxonomic similarities to other deep-sea reducing environments, such as hydrothermal vents, and may occur with an average spacing of an order of magnitude smaller than that for vent fields. Whale-falls are of biogeographical significance for the following reasons: 1) they enhance the biodiversity of the deep-sea; 2) they can provide insights into the effect of anthropogenic influences, such as sewage sludge emplacement and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the marine environment; and 3) their potential roles as stepping stones for sulfophilic species in the deep-sea. The proposed work will continue to develop radiochemical methods (using thorium, radon and lead isotopes) for estimating the ages of seafloor whalebone communities. Preliminary measurements, using radiochemical methods, performed on known age bone samples yield isotopic ages that are in good agreement with known ages. The proposed work will undertake the following: 1) establishment of a final protocol for the dating techniques previously developed and make this product available to the scientific community; 2) initiate the study of lipid content and lipid characterization on dated bone material to assess the residence time of lipids within fallen whale skeletons; 3) attempt to assess a record of pollution, particularly persistent organic pollutants (PCB, DDT) within well-dated skeletal remains of whales; and 4) determine rates of development, patterns of succession, and persistence times of whale-fall chemoautotrophic communities.

摘要OPP-0096422&amp；OPP-0095904P.I.David Kadko&amp；Craig Smith1987年在圣卡塔利纳盆地首次发现了生活在海底鲸鱼身体上的化学自养群落。随后在太平洋的发现和化石记录证实，这种群落在现代海洋中广泛存在，并在进化的时间跨度内发生。由鲸鱼坠落环境支撑的群落在分类学上与其他深海减少环境，如热液喷口，可能以比喷口区域小一个数量级的平均间距出现。鲸鱼瀑布具有生物地理意义，原因如下：1)它们增强了深海的生物多样性；2)它们可以洞察污水淤泥堆积和持久性有机污染物等人为影响对海洋环境的影响；3)它们作为深海亲硫物种的垫脚石的潜在作用。拟议的工作将继续发展放射化学方法(使用钍、氡和铅同位素)来估算海底鲸骨群落的年龄。使用放射化学方法对已知年龄的骨骼样品进行初步测量，得到的同位素年龄与已知年龄非常一致。拟议的工作将进行以下工作：1)为以前开发的测年技术建立最后的协议，并将该产品提供给科学界；2)启动对过时骨骼材料的脂肪含量和脂质特性的研究，以评估脂类在鲸鱼骨骼中的停留时间；3)试图评估污染记录，特别是鲸鱼骨骼遗骸中的持久性有机污染物(多氯联苯、滴滴涕)；以及4)确定鲸鱼自养群落的发展速度、演替模式和持续时间。