Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems.

IPY 合作研究：拉森冰架系统的突变环境变化，多学科方法 - 海洋生态系统。

• 批准号: 0732711
• 负责人: Craig Smith
• 金额: $ 28.51万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0732711&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; IPY; Abrupt; Environmental

0732983 - Vernet, Maria - Scripps Institute of Oceanography0732450 - Van Dover, Cindy - Duke University0732711 - Smith, Craig - University of Hawaii0732917 - McCormick, Michael - Hamilton CollegeCollaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in theLarsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - MarineEcosystems.A profound transformation in ecosystem structure and function is occurring in coastal waters of the western Weddell Sea, with the collapse of the Larsen B ice shelf. This transformation appears to be yielding a redistribution of energy flow between chemoautotrophic and photosynthetic production, and to be causing the rapid demise of the extraordinary seep ecosystem discovered beneath the ice shelf. This event provides an ideal opportunity to examine fundamental aspects of ecosystem transition associated with climate change. We propose to test the following hypotheses to elucidate the transformations occurring in marine ecosystems as a consequence of the Larsen B collapse: (1) The biogeographic isolation and sub-ice shelf setting of the Larsen B seep has led to novel habitat characteristics, chemoautotrophically dependent taxa and functional adaptations. (2) Benthic communities beneath the former Larsen B ice shelf are fundamentally different from assemblages at similar depths in the Weddell sea-ice zone, and resemble oligotrophic deep-sea communities. Larsen B assemblages are undergoing rapid change. (3) The previously dark, oligotrophic waters of the Larsen B embayment now support a thriving phototrophic community, with production rates and phytoplankton composition similar to other productive areas of the Weddell Sea. To document rapid changes occurring in the Larsen B ecosystem, we will use a remotely operated vehicle, shipboard samplers, and moored sediment traps. We will characterize microbial, macrofaunal and megafaunal components of the seep community; evaluate patterns of surface productivity, export flux, and benthic faunal composition in areas previously covered by the ice shelf, and compare these areas to the open sea-ice zone. These changes will be placed within the geological, glaciological and climatological context that led to ice-shelf retreat, through companion research projects funded in concert with this effort. Together these projects will help predict the likely consequences of ice-shelf collapse to marine ecosystems in other regions of Antarctica vulnerable to climate change. The research features international collaborators from Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. The broader impacts include participation of a science writer; broadcast of science segments by members of the Jim Lehrer News Hour (Public Broadcasting System); material for summer courses in environmental change; mentoring of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows; and showcasing scientific activities and findings to students and public through podcasts.

0732983 - Vernet, Maria - Scripps Institute of Oceanography0732450 - Van Dover, Cindy - Duke University0732711 - Smith, Craig - University of Hawaii0732917 - McCormick, Michael - Hamilton CollegeCollaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in theLarsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -海洋生物系统。生态系统结构和功能的深刻转变发生在西部韦德尔海的沿海水域，随着拉尔森B冰架的崩溃。这种转化似乎在化学自动营养和光合产生之间产生能量流的重新分布，并导致在冰架下发现的非凡渗水生态系统的快速灭亡。 该活动提供了一个理想的机会，可以检查与气候变化相关的生态系统过渡的基本方面。我们建议测试以下假设，以阐明由于Larsen B倒塌而导致海洋生态系统中发生的转化：（1）Larsen B Seep的生物地理隔离和亚冰架设置导致了新型的栖息地特征，化学自养生依赖性依赖性依赖性分类和功能适应。 （2）前拉尔森B冰架下方的底栖群落与韦德尔海冰区的相似深度的组合根本不同，并且类似于贫营养的深海社区。 Larsen B组合正在迅速变化。 （3）Larsen B胚胎的先前黑暗的，贫营养的水域现在支持一个繁荣的光营养社区，其生产率和浮游植物组成类似于Weddell Sea的其他生产性地区。为了记录Larsen B生态系统中发生的快速变化，我们将使用远程操作的车辆，船上采样器和停泊的沉积物陷阱。 我们将描述渗水群社区的微生物，大面和巨型群体组成部分；评估以前由冰架覆盖的区域中的表面生产力，出口通量和底栖动物融合组成的模式，并将这些区域与公开海冰区进行比较。 这些变化将通过与这项工作共同资助的同伴研究项目进行地质，冰川和气候环境，导致冰架撤退。 这些项目一起将有助于预测南极其他地区其他容易受到气候变化的南极地区海洋生态系统的可能后果。 该研究的特色是来自阿根廷，比利时，加拿大，德国，西班牙和英国的国际合作者。 更广泛的影响包括科学作家的参与；吉姆·莱勒新闻时代（公共广播系统）的成员在科学领域广播；环境变化的夏季课程材料；指导研究生和博士后研究员；并通过播客向学生和公众展示科学活动和发现。