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Doctoral Dissertation Research: Testing evolutionary theories of leadership in a population of transitional foragers

博士论文研究：测试过渡性觅食者群体的领导进化理论

基本信息

批准号：
1823324
负责人：
Edward Hagen
金额：
$ 2.44万
依托单位：
Washington State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-01 至 2020-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1823324&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Research Testing evolutionary

项目摘要

The research supported by this award will investigate the nature of leadership in human societies. All societies have leaders but the forms, functions, and effects of leadership vary from society to society. For the vast majority of human evolutionary history, people lived as hunter-gatherers in small nomadic bands and had social structures likely characterized by high degrees of egalitarianism, a lack of inherited social distinctions, and a cultural ethos of sharing. Leadership under these conditions would be quite different from leadership in contemporary societies, which are larger and less homogeneous. Therefore, to understand the origins and development of leadership, the roots of contemporary leadership forms, it is necessary to collect data in the few small-scale societies that remain. The research is important because leadership is a major force in shaping human behavior, health, culture, and society. A complete understanding of human leadership begins with a detailed understanding of leadership in small-scale egalitarian societies. The research will be conducted by Washington State University doctoral student, Zachary Garfield, with oversight by Dr. Edward H. Hagen. The researchers will test four evolutionary theories of leadership among the Chabu, a population of approximately 2,000 recently settled Ethiopian hunter-gatherers who now subsist on a mix of hunting, gathering, horticulture, and cash crops. The Chabu recently adopted the Kebele system, a local administrative unit of the Ethiopian government in which the community elects multiple leaders to fulfill several internal and external functions. Hence, there is a unique opportunity to investigate leadership among a contemporary egalitarian society currently transitioning to a more hierarchical social structure within the male-dominated Ethiopian state. The four theoretical models of leadership to be investigated are (1) the egalitarian forager model, (2) the dominance-prestige model, (3) the wealth inequality model, and (4) collective action models of leadership. Data will be collected using self-report, peer-ratings, anthropometry, and free-listing for a sample of approximately 250 individuals. These data will be used to test preregistered predictions and other analyses. Findings from this research will contribute to improving theories of leadership currently based primarily on contemporary Western societies. Findings will also be communicated to help organizations concerned with developing new forms of leadership to meet business and public service objectives.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持的研究将调查人类社会中领导力的本质。所有的社会都有领袖，但领袖的形式、功能和效果因社会而异。在人类进化史的大部分时间里，人们以狩猎采集为生，生活在小的游牧部落中，社会结构的特点可能是高度平等主义，缺乏遗传的社会差异，以及分享的文化精神。在这些条件下的领导将与当代社会的领导大不相同，当代社会规模更大，同质化程度更低。因此，要了解领导力的起源和发展，当代领导形式的根源，有必要收集少数小规模社会的数据。这项研究很重要，因为领导力是塑造人类行为、健康、文化和社会的主要力量。要全面了解人类的领导力，首先要详细了解小规模平等主义社会中的领导力。这项研究将由华盛顿州立大学的博士生扎卡里·加菲尔德主持，爱德华·h·哈根博士负责监督。研究人员将在查布族人中测试四种领导力进化理论。查布族人大约有2000人，最近定居在埃塞俄比亚，以狩猎、采集、园艺和经济作物为生。查布族人最近采用了Kebele制度，这是埃塞俄比亚政府的一个地方行政单位，在这个制度下，社区选举多名领导人来履行一些内部和外部职能。因此，有一个独特的机会来调查当代平等主义社会的领导，目前正在向男性主导的埃塞俄比亚国家内更等级化的社会结构过渡。本文研究的四种领导力理论模型分别是：(1)平等主义觅食模型、(2)优势-威望模型、(3)财富不平等模型和(4)集体行动领导力模型。数据将通过自我报告、同行评分、人体测量和免费列表收集，样本约为250人。这些数据将用于测试预登记的预测和其他分析。这项研究的结果将有助于改善目前主要基于当代西方社会的领导力理论。调查结果也将传达，以帮助有关组织发展新的领导形式，以满足商业和公共服务目标。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。