Novel Methods to Explore the Gender Composition of the STEM PhD Workforce: An Analysis using the SDR

探索 STEM 博士队伍性别构成的新方法：使用 SDR 进行分析

• 批准号: 1823479
• 负责人: Melanie Zaber
• 金额: $ 24.85万
• 依托单位: Rand Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1823479&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Novel; Methods; Explore; Gender; Composition

While women have earned nearly 45% of the past decade's doctoral degrees in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, they comprise less than 25% of full professors in STEM departments. Although historical underrepresentation will persist mechanically at the top levels due to the gender composition of cohorts in previous decades, recent work shows a within-cohort gender gap in tenure and promotion, even among younger graduates. Hence, women are unequally represented in STEM in academia, and are on track to remain so. The consequences of underrepresentation are numerous, both for women in those fields -- such as reduced mentorship for female graduate and undergraduate students -- and for the fields themselves, as the research is conducted by less diverse perspectives. Not engaging otherwise capable female STEM Ph.D.s. could lead to less innovation and reduced overall research productivity. This innovative study of the STEM Ph.D.-holder pipeline identifies factors that lead female Ph.D.s to be less likely than their male counterparts to enter into, and remain in, tenure-track academic positions. It applies novel methods to identify and explore personal and professional factors that contribute to women with STEM Ph.D.s selecting out of academia at various stages of the pipeline. This project supports the goals of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) to better understand the science and technology (S&T) workforce and to improve the methodologies for assessing indicators of S&T activities. It focuses on issues facing an under-represented group: female doctorates in STEM. This research will highlight the differences in research engagement, compensation, and professional outcomes for a researcher who remains compared to one who departs either academia or STEM altogether, all of which have broader societal impact. The findings from this work will potentially reshape infrastructure for research and education by encouraging employers to craft policies that attract female doctorates, as such policies may allow employers to cream-skim highly qualified female doctorates from alternate employment. Using data from the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) and the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR), the project uses cutting-edge trajectory analysis to classify all observed job sequences among STEM Ph.D. holders into a typology of STEM career paths. Using the rich data from the SED and the SDR, the project produces descriptive analysis of individual characteristics that correlate with sorting among these typologies. In addition, the project also compares among the identified STEM career typologies objective and subjective measures of job attributes, including compensation, engagement with the research community, and job satisfaction, separately for men and women. Hence, the project defines the set of "career pipelines" of Ph.D. holders (of which academia is one), which are associated with women, and which are associated with better or worse job outcomes for men and women within those pipelines. The project answers to what extent the observed transitions out of academia are in fact beneficial to female Ph.D.s. in terms of pay, research time, and job satisfaction.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

尽管在过去十年中，女性在科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)领域获得的博士学位占到了近45%，但她们在STEM系的全职教授中所占比例还不到25%。尽管由于过去几十年群体的性别构成，历史上代表性偏低的情况将在最高级别机械地持续存在，但最近的工作显示，即使在较年轻的毕业生中，在任期和晋升方面也存在群体内的性别差距。因此，在STEM的学术界中，女性的代表不平等，而且还将继续如此。代表性不足的后果很多，无论是对这些领域的女性--如减少对女研究生和本科生的指导--还是对这些领域本身，因为研究是以不那么多样化的视角进行的。不聘用其他方面有能力的女性STEM博士。可能会导致创新减少，整体研究生产率下降。这项针对STEM博士持有者的创新性研究确定了导致女性博士比男性博士更不可能进入和保持终身教职学术职位的因素。它应用新的方法来确定和探索有助于STEM博士女性在不同阶段从学术界选择的个人和专业因素。该项目支持国家科学基金和国家科学与工程统计中心更好地了解S科技人员队伍的目标，并改进S科技活动指标的评估方法。它关注的是一个代表性不足的群体面临的问题：STEM的女性博士学位。这项研究将突出研究人员与离开学术界或完全离开STEM的研究人员在研究参与度、薪酬和专业成果方面的差异，所有这些都具有更广泛的社会影响。这项工作的发现可能会重塑研究和教育的基础设施，鼓励雇主制定吸引女性博士的政策，因为这样的政策可能允许雇主从替代工作中榨取高素质的女性博士。使用博士生调查(SED)和博士学位获得者调查(SDR)的数据，该项目使用尖端轨迹分析将STEM博士持有者中观察到的所有工作序列归入STEM职业道路类型。利用SED和SDR的丰富数据，该项目对与这些类型之间的分类相关的个体特征进行描述性分析。此外，该项目还在确定的STEM职业类型中比较了男女工作属性的客观和主观衡量标准，包括薪酬、与研究界的参与度和工作满意度。因此，该项目确定了一套与女性有关的博士研究生(学术界是其中之一)的“职业管道”，这些管道与男性和女性在这些管道内的工作结果好坏有关。该项目回答了所观察到的离开学术界的转变在多大程度上实际上对女性博士有利。在薪酬、研究时间和工作满意度方面。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。