Magnetic field-driven enhancement of hydrogen production in water electrolysis

磁场驱动的水电解产氢增强

• 批准号: 234361163
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Kerstin Eckert
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Metallische Werkstoffe
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/234361163?language=en
• 关键词: Magnetic; field; driven; enhancement; hydrogen

Recent developments in energy production aim to increase the application of renewable resources. In this perspective, hydrogen production by water electrolysis is an interesting technology, as it may convert the energy supplied by solar cells or wind mills to a storable chemical fuel, which in turn might be utilized to drive environmentally friendly fuel cell devices. However, for this purpose the efficiency of water electrolysis, which is currently about 65 % for alkaline water electrolysis, has to be improved. A main reason for this low efficiency of water electrolysis, is the high ohmic drop in the electrolyte, which is caused by the produced non-conductive hydrogen gas bubbles. Hydrogen bubbles that remain attached to the electrode, where the reduction of protons generates them, block the electrode and thus additionally decrease the efficiency by reducing the effective electrode area. In this project, we aim to increase the water electrolysis efficiency by reducing the negative effects of the formed hydrogen bubbles via application of magnetic fields. These will be generated by simple commercial NdFeB permanent magnets which are known to induce a Lorentz-force-driven Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow around each bubble. This flow acts on different length scales and may enhance the bubble removal from the electrode. This will be studied in this project by means of carefully designed systematic experimental investigations.Electrodes of different electrocatalytic and magnetic properties (Au, Pt, Ni) and variable design will be used to study the electrochemical behavior fundamentally by means of cyclovoltammetry, noise spectra and electrical impedance spectroscopy with respect to nucleation, growth and coalescence of the bubbles. By means of optical microscopy, the growth of hydrogen bubbles will be characterized by measuring e.g. bubble diameter and contact angle versus time until the bubble detaches. In parallel, the MHD swirling flows around the bubbles, will be measured by particle image velocimetry. Particular attention will be paid on how the interaction between the hydrogen bubbles and their associated flow systems will change the detachment compared to single bubbles. Additionally, surface-tension-lowering additives will be added to the electrolyte to further improve the bubble release from the electrode. Also the presumably beneficical impact of magnetic gradient fields on the bubble management will be analysed within this project. The results of electrochemical and optical measurement will be considered in a common context to gain a comprehensive understanding of the magnetic fields effects on water electrolysis.

能源生产的最新发展旨在增加可再生资源的应用。从这个角度来看，通过水电解生产氢气是一种有趣的技术，因为它可以将太阳能电池或风力米尔斯提供的能量转化为可储存的化学燃料，而化学燃料又可以用于驱动环境友好的燃料电池装置。然而，为了这个目的，水电解的效率必须提高，目前碱性水电解的效率为约65%。水电解的这种低效率的主要原因是电解质中的高欧姆降，这是由产生的非导电氢气气泡引起的。保持附着在电极上的氢气泡（其中质子的还原产生氢气泡）阻塞电极，并且因此通过减小有效电极面积而额外地降低效率。在本项目中，我们的目标是通过施加磁场来减少所形成的氢气泡的负面影响，从而提高水电解效率。这些将由简单的商用NdFeB永磁体产生，已知该永磁体在每个气泡周围诱导洛伦兹力驱动的磁流体动力学（MHD）流。该流动作用于不同的长度尺度，并且可以增强从电极去除气泡。本项目将通过精心设计的系统实验研究，采用不同电催化和磁性能的电极（Au、Pt、Ni）和可变设计，通过循环伏安法、噪声谱和电阻抗谱，从根本上研究气泡成核、生长和聚结的电化学行为。通过光学显微镜，氢气泡的生长将通过测量例如气泡直径和接触角与时间的关系来表征，直到气泡分离。同时，利用粒子图像测速技术对磁流体在气泡周围的旋转流动进行了测量。将特别注意氢气泡和它们相关的流动系统之间的相互作用将如何改变与单个气泡相比的分离。此外，将降低表面张力的添加剂添加到电解质中以进一步改善气泡从电极中的释放。此外，磁梯度场对气泡管理的可能有益影响将在本项目中进行分析。电化学和光学测量的结果将被认为是在一个共同的背景下，以获得对水电解的磁场效应的全面了解。

项目成果

Interplay of the Open Circuit Potential-Relaxation and the Dissolution Behavior of a Single H2 Bubble Generated at a Pt Microelectrode

Pt 微电极产生的单个 H2 气泡的开路电位弛豫与溶解行为的相互作用

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02305
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Journal of Physical Chemistry C
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: F. Karnbach;X. Yang;G. Mutschke;J. Froehlich;J. Eckert;A. Gebert;K. Tschulik;K. Eckert;M. Uhlemann
• 通讯作者: M. Uhlemann

Magnetohydrodynamics

• DOI: 10.22364/mhd
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: RSC Advances
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: A. Guseva;Rainer Hollerbach;A. Willis;M. Avila

Growth and detachment of single hydrogen bubbles in a magnetohydrodynamic shear flow

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevfluids.2.093701
• 发表时间: 2017-09-15
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Baczyzmalski, Dominik;Karnbach, Franziska;Cierpka, Christian
• 通讯作者: Cierpka, Christian

Dynamics of Single Hydrogen Bubbles at a Platinum Microelectrode.

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01825
• 发表时间: 2015-07
• 期刊: Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids
• 作者: Xuegeng Yang;Franziska Karnbach;M. Uhlemann;S. Odenbach;K. Eckert

On the Electrolyte Convection around a Hydrogen Bubble Evolving at a Microelectrode under the Influence of a Magnetic Field

• DOI: 10.1149/2.0381609jes
• 发表时间: 2016-01-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Baczyzmalski, Dominik;Karnbach, Franziska;Cierpka, Christian
• 通讯作者: Cierpka, Christian