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Collaborative Research: X-rays, 3D animation and human locomotion

合作研究：X 射线、3D 动画和人体运动

基本信息

批准号：
1824821
负责人：
Stephen Gatesy
金额：
$ 14.5万
依托单位：
Brown University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1824821&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research rays 3D animation

项目摘要

Walking efficiently on two legs (bipedalism) is considered a defining characteristic of modern humans, and researchers have long strived to understand how, when, and why human bipedalism evolved. The discoveries of fossilized footprints made by living, moving individuals offer a promising source of data on hominin locomotion to complement what can be learned from fossilized skeletal remains. In this study, X-ray imaging, 3D animation, and computer simulation methods are developed and applied to understand formation of this bipedal record. Such foundational research is required to reconstruct foot anatomy and motion from fossil footprints, and to evaluate competing evolutionary hypotheses about bipedalism. The project represents an interdisciplinary collaboration between primarily undergraduate and major research institutions, with substantial training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students. Student recruitment will focus on groups historically underrepresented in STEM fields. Results will be translated into pedagogical materials focused on the intersection of science and visual art, and the public will be engaged through museum and media science outreach.Previous studies have developed methods for interpreting aspects of foot anatomy and motion from human footprints, but none have approached the problem mechanistically to understand the complex foot-substrate interactions through which footprints are formed. Direct observation of these interactions has not been possible because human feet and deformable substrates are both opaque, and contact areas are therefore hidden when a foot sinks to form a footprint. Here, biplanar X-ray, 3D animation, and computer simulation methods will be developed to visualize and analyze movement as individuals walk through substrates to create footprints. Direct mechanistic knowledge of foot-substrate interactions is potentially transformative for paleoanthropologists to extract anatomical and functional inferences from fossil human footprints and use these to test evolutionary hypotheses. Further, new imaging and analysis techniques are readily transferrable to other organisms, and may transform other approaches across animal biomechanics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

用两条腿高效行走(两足行走)被认为是现代人的一个决定性特征，研究人员长期以来一直在努力了解人类两足行走是如何、何时以及为什么进化的。由活体、移动的个体制造的脚印化石的发现，为人类的运动提供了一个有希望的数据来源，以补充从骨骼化石遗骸中可以学到的东西。在这项研究中，发展了X射线成像、3D动画和计算机模拟方法，并应用于了解这种两足动物记录的形成。这种基础性研究是从化石足迹重建足部解剖和运动，以及评估关于两足动物的相互竞争的进化假说所必需的。该项目代表了主要是本科生和主要研究机构之间的跨学科合作，为本科生和研究生提供了大量的培训机会。招生将侧重于在STEM领域历来代表性不足的群体。结果将被转化为专注于科学和视觉艺术交叉的教学材料，公众将通过博物馆和媒体科学参与进来。以前的研究已经开发出从人类脚印来解释足部解剖和运动的方法，但还没有人从机械上探讨这个问题，以了解脚印形成的复杂的脚底相互作用。直接观察这些相互作用是不可能的，因为人类的脚和可变形的底物都是不透明的，因此当脚下沉形成脚印时，接触区域被隐藏起来。在这里，将开发双平面X射线、3D动画和计算机模拟方法，以可视化和分析个人在基板上行走以创建足迹时的运动。足底相互作用的直接机制知识对古人类学家从人类足迹化石中提取解剖学和功能推论并用这些来检验进化假说具有潜在的变革意义。此外，新的成像和分析技术可以很容易地转移到其他生物身上，并可能改变动物生物力学的其他方法。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。