Avian Neuromuscular Diversity: The Evolution of Muscle Morphology, Function and Development

禽类神经肌肉多样性：肌肉形态、功能和发育的进化

• 批准号: 9407367
• 负责人: Stephen Gatesy
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Wake Forest University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-06-15 至 1997-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9407367&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Avian; Neuromuscular; Diversity; Evolution; Muscle

9407367 Gatesy Species of animals can differ in the number, arrangement and function of their muscles. This research seeks to understand the relationship between muscle form and function and how this can change with time. The PI will study a group of muscles in the thigh of birds called the deep dorsal thigh muscles. During embryonic development, a mass of cells breaks up, or cleaves, to form the individual muscles present in adults. Some birds, such as the chicken or guineafowl, have four separate deep dorsal thigh muscles. However, in other birds, the deep dorsal muscle mass may not cleave completely, yielding less than four adult muscles. For example, the pigeon and the duck only have three deep dorsals, while a roadrunner has only two. The PI is interested in knowing what effect this variation in number and position has on the function of these muscles. Using fine wires as electrodes, the PI will record electrical changes that reveal when a muscle is contracting. Previous studies have shown that as a guineafowl walks or runs, deep dorsal thigh muscles are active at different times in the stride. When will the deep dorsals be active in birds with fewer than four muscles? Do new muscles evolve to perform new functions or movements? How does the nervous system change when muscle anatomy changes? Through questions such as these, the PI hopes to gain a better understanding of animal design and the evolution of vertebrate diversity. ***

9407367 Gatesy动物的种类可以在数量，安排和肌肉的功能不同。这项研究旨在了解肌肉形态和功能之间的关系，以及这种关系如何随着时间的推移而变化。PI将研究鸟类大腿上的一组肌肉，称为大腿深背肌。在胚胎发育过程中，大量的细胞分裂或分裂，形成成人的个体肌肉。一些鸟类，如鸡或珍珠鸡，有四个独立的深大腿背肌。然而，在其他鸟类中，深背肌群可能不完全分裂，产生少于四块成年肌肉。例如，鸽子和鸭子只有三个深背，而走鹃只有两个。PI感兴趣的是了解这种数量和位置的变化对这些肌肉的功能有什么影响。使用细导线作为电极，PI将记录肌肉收缩时的电气变化。先前的研究表明，当一只珍珠鸡行走或奔跑时，大腿背部的深层肌肉在步幅的不同时间处于活跃状态。在少于四块肌肉的鸟类中，什么时候深背肌会活跃起来？新的肌肉是为了执行新的功能或动作而进化的吗？当肌肉解剖结构发生变化时，神经系统如何变化？通过这些问题，PI希望更好地了解动物设计和脊椎动物多样性的进化。***