Human adaptation in high-pathogen environments: iron, infection, and child growth and development

人类在高病原体环境中的适应：铁、感染和儿童生长发育

• 批准号: 1825534
• 负责人: Katherine Wander
• 金额: $ 42.7万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Binghamton
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1825534&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Human; adaptation; pathogen; environments; iron

This project will investigate the evolution of host-pathogen dynamics in human populations. The investigators will focus on dietary iron, which is vital for life, but also presents hazards, including its availability to pathogens as well as an individual host's own cells. Hosts have evolved multiple mechanisms to withhold iron from infectious agents, and infectious agents, such as bacteria, have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms to acquire iron from their hosts, resulting in an evolutionary "arms race" over iron. The project will advance fundamental knowledge about this "arms race" in a human population with high pathogen load, to understand how diet, iron nutrition, infection risk, and growth and development are related, and how humans may have adapted to high pathogen environments. The research findings may also inform public health efforts to address iron nutrition and deficiency. This international collaboration will include both field and laboratory training opportunities for students at the undergraduate and graduate levels, including groups under-represented in science. This project evaluates the impact of iron status on immunity and infection among children in a population with high rates of iron deficiency and infectious disease. Over the course of one year, participating children will be evaluated monthly for measures of diet, growth and development, iron intake, immune function and infection. The relative importance of diets as causes of iron deficiency and anemia will be described. The prevalence of impaired cell-mediated immunity and incidence of infectious diseases will be compared across iron status groups. In this manner, this study will work toward disentangling the complex interactions between diet, growth and development, iron nutrition, immunity, and infectious disease.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将研究人类群体中宿主-病原体动态的演变。研究人员将重点关注膳食铁，这对生命至关重要，但也存在危害，包括其对病原体以及个体宿主自身细胞的可用性。病原体已经进化出多种机制来阻止铁从感染性病原体，并且感染性病原体（例如细菌）已经进化出多种多样的机制来从其宿主获得铁，从而导致对铁的进化“军备竞赛”。该项目将推进关于高病原体负荷人群中这种“军备竞赛”的基本知识，以了解饮食，铁营养，感染风险以及生长和发育之间的关系，以及人类如何适应高病原体环境。研究结果也可以为解决铁营养和缺乏症的公共卫生工作提供信息。这种国际合作将包括为本科生和研究生水平的学生提供实地和实验室培训机会，包括在科学方面代表性不足的群体。该项目评估了铁营养状况对缺铁和传染病高发人群中儿童免疫力和感染的影响。在一年的时间里，参与儿童将每月进行饮食、生长发育、铁摄入、免疫功能和感染的评估。饮食作为缺铁和贫血原因的相对重要性将被描述。将在铁状态组之间比较受损细胞介导免疫的患病率和感染性疾病的发生率。通过这种方式，这项研究将致力于解开饮食，生长发育，铁营养，免疫力和传染病之间复杂的相互作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。