Doctoral Dissertation Research: Dietary and sociocultural change and the human oral microbiome

博士论文研究：饮食和社会文化变化以及人类口腔微生物组

• 批准号: 1826220
• 负责人: Siobain Duffy
• 金额: $ 2.22万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1826220&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Dietary; sociocultural

The emerging field of ancient microbiome research is providing crucial baseline data for understanding the role of agriculture and social organization in shaping the human oral microbiome over the past several thousand years. However, additional transitional historical data are needed to enhance our understanding of how oral microbial ecology has responded to recent sociocultural change in the last 125 years. This dissertation project will investigate changes in the human oral microbiome from 1890 to the modern day, to provide insights into recent evolution and diversity of the oral microbiome, and sociocultural influences on microbiome structure and function. The project will support training and mentoring of students, including those from groups underrepresented in STEM research, and may also inform clinical microbiome research. Research findings will be shared across disciplines through peer-reviewed publications and presentations, and communicated to the public through outreach at participating natural history museums. Through both wet and dry laboratory methods, our research objectives are to 1) characterize the oral microbiome of diverse early 20th century Americans and 2) investigate ecological changes in microbial communities and their metabolic functions over time. To achieve these objectives, dental calculus (tartar) will be collected from geographically and ethnically diverse Americans housed in natural history skeletal collections and living populations residing in the NY metropolitan area. Microbial DNA recovered through shotgun sequencing will be used to reconstruct taxonomic and functional diversity of the oral microbiome. Providing this historical context to the modern microbiome will contribute to our understanding of microbiome ecology, human health and disease in the modern era.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

古老微生物组研究的新兴领域为理解农业和社会组织在过去几千年中塑造人类口腔微生物组的作用提供了重要的基线数据。然而，需要更多的过渡性历史数据，以加强我们对口腔微生物生态学如何应对最近125年来的社会文化变化的理解。本论文项目将研究从1890年到现代人类口腔微生物组的变化，以深入了解口腔微生物组的最新演变和多样性，以及社会文化对微生物组结构和功能的影响。该项目将支持对学生的培训和指导，包括来自STEM研究中代表性不足的群体的学生，并且还可能为临床微生物组研究提供信息。研究结果将通过同行评审的出版物和演示文稿在各学科之间共享，并通过参与自然历史博物馆的外联活动向公众传达。通过湿和干实验室方法，我们的研究目标是1）表征不同的世纪早期美国人的口腔微生物组，2）调查微生物群落的生态变化及其随时间的代谢功能。为了实现这些目标，牙石（牙垢）将收集从地理和种族不同的美国人居住在自然历史骨骼收藏和居住在纽约大都市区的生活人口。通过鸟枪测序回收的微生物DNA将用于重建口腔微生物组的分类和功能多样性。为现代微生物组提供这一历史背景将有助于我们理解现代微生物组生态、人类健康和疾病。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。