CNH-S: Exploring the history of coupled climatic and human influences on ecosystem changes during the last one million years

CNH-S：探索过去一百万年气候和人类对生态系统变化的耦合影响的历史

• 批准号: 1826666
• 负责人: John Faith
• 金额: $ 74.18万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1826666&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Exploring; history; coupled; climatic

This interdisciplinary project will examine the ways in which climate and human activities influence natural ecosystems over the immense timespans reflected in the geological and archaeological records. Scientists increasingly recognize that the insights provided by such long-term records can play a valuable role in sustaining biodiversity in future, yet it is exceptionally difficult to tease apart human-driven versus natural ecosystem changes in the deep past. This project will develop a new approach that integrates computer modelling with collection and analysis of archaeological and geological data spanning the last one million years. Computer-generated models will test hypotheses about how various human activities and climatic processes influence environmental changes that can be detected in archaeological and geological data. This project will help with conservation and management decisions concerning people and the environment that can be applied anywhere in the world. This project will also develop high school curricular materials to explore how the natural world is shaped by climatic and human-driven processes.Geological and archaeological archives afford the opportunity to explore coupled human-natural systems over evolutionary timescales. The challenge is to disentangle natural and human systems, and their coupling, in the deep past. This project outlines an innovative approach for studying ancient human-environment interactions by integrating empirical geological and archaeological data with generative modeling. The latter provides a framework for understanding how processes that occur over ecological or ethnographic time-scales are reflected in time-averaged fossil archives. This approach, which can be applied virtually anywhere in the world, will be implemented in a study the Cape Floristic Region in southern Africa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and biodiversity hotspot of global significance. Although this exceedingly diverse ecosystem is under increasing threat from modern development, the legacy of human impact stretches back hundreds of millennia. This project aims to resolve the extent to which climatic and anthropogenic impacts have shaped the evolutionary history of this unique ecosystem, including the degree to which ecological functions provided by people are important to maintaining biodiversity. This will be accomplished through a program that includes primary data collection in the field and laboratory, and the integration and modelling of existing datasets to connect archaeological, paleoclimatic, paleontological, paleoecological, and geological archives that span the last one million years.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这一跨学科项目将审查气候和人类活动在地质和考古记录所反映的巨大时间跨度内对自然生态系统的影响方式。科学家们越来越多地认识到，这种长期记录提供的见解可以在未来维持生物多样性方面发挥宝贵的作用，但要梳理出过去人类驱动的生态系统变化和自然生态系统的变化是格外困难的。该项目将开发一种新的方法，将计算机模拟与收集和分析过去一百万年的考古和地质数据结合起来。计算机生成的模型将测试各种人类活动和气候过程如何影响环境变化的假设，这些假设可以在考古和地质数据中检测到。该项目将帮助做出与人类和环境有关的保护和管理决策，这些决策可以应用于世界任何地方。该项目还将开发高中课程材料，以探索气候和人类驱动的过程如何塑造自然世界。地质和考古档案提供了在进化时间尺度上探索耦合的人-自然系统的机会。挑战在于解开自然和人类系统，以及它们在遥远的过去的耦合。该项目概述了一种通过将经验地质和考古数据与生成模型相结合来研究古代人类与环境相互作用的创新方法。后者为理解在生态或人种学时间尺度上发生的过程如何反映在时间平均化石档案中提供了一个框架。这一方法几乎可以应用于世界任何地方，将在南部非洲的弗洛里斯特角地区的一项研究中实施，该地区是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产和具有全球意义的生物多样性热点。尽管这个极其多样化的生态系统正受到现代发展的越来越大的威胁，但人类影响的遗产可以追溯到数十万年前。该项目旨在解决气候和人为影响在多大程度上塑造了这一独特生态系统的进化史，包括人类提供的生态功能对维持生物多样性的重要性程度。这将通过一项计划来完成，该计划包括在野外和实验室收集主要数据，并对现有数据集进行整合和建模，以连接过去一百万年的考古、古气候、古生物学、古生态和地质档案。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Ecometrics and the paleoecological implications of Pleistocene faunas from the western coastal plains of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa

• DOI: 10.1002/jqs.3247
• 发表时间: 2020-09-21
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Faith, J. Tyler;Braun, David R.;Stynder, Deano
• 通讯作者: Stynder, Deano

The past, present, and future of herbivore impacts on savanna vegetation

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13685
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Journal of Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: A. C. Staver;Joel O. Abraham;G. Hempson;A. Karp;J. Faith

Seasonal strategies differ between tropical and extratropical herbivores

热带和温带食草动物的季节性策略不同

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13651
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Animal Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Abraham, Joel O.;Hempson, Gareth P.;Faith, J. Tyler;Staver, A. Carla
• 通讯作者: Staver, A. Carla

Continuous vegetation record of the Greater Cape Floristic Region (South Africa) covering the past 300 000 years (IODP U1479)

大开普植物区（南非）过去 300 万年的连续植被记录 (IODP U1479)

• DOI: 10.5194/cp-18-1-2022
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Climate of the Past
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Dupont, Lydie M.;Zhao, Xueqin;Charles, Christopher;Faith, John Tyler;Braun, David
• 通讯作者: Braun, David

Fire and human management of late Holocene ecosystems in southern Africa

南部非洲全新世晚期生态系统的火灾和人类管理

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107600
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Davies, Benjamin;Power, Mitchell J.;Braun, David R.;Douglass, Matthew J.;Mosher, Stella G.;Quick, Lynne J.;Esteban, Irene;Sealy, Judith;Parkington, John;Faith, J. Tyler
• 通讯作者: Faith, J. Tyler