Collaborative Research: Developing a high-resolution framework to define human-environment interactions

这个跨学科的项目将研究气候驱动的环境变化在塑造早期现代人行为进化中的作用。长期以来，科学家们一直认为，环境压力影响了复杂的行为，这些行为类似于最近的狩猎-采集者。然而，在考古记录中确定因果关系一直是一项具有挑战性的工作。这些挑战源于保存考古和古环境数据的准确年代遗址的稀有，这些数据是理清自然和人类系统相互作用所需的。这个项目将通过汇集各种高分辨率的气候、环境和考古数据集来解决这个问题，以了解从石器时代中期技术向晚期技术过渡的性质。除了解决智人行为复杂性出现的基本问题外，这项工作还通过促进学者网络中的研究联系来建设美国的科学研究能力，并为本科生和研究生培训提供基础。从石器时代中期的技术过渡到后期的石器时代技术是智人进化史上观察到的最突出的行为变化之一。理解是什么促成了这种转变，与关于现代人类行为起源的讨论和辩论紧密交织在一起。这个项目测试了这样一种假设，即与石器时代中后期过渡相关的技术、饮食和社会变化是气候驱动的环境变化的结果，特别是食物和其他资源的季节性分布的变化。这项工作将通过(I)考古发掘记录石器时代中后期过渡时期的行为变化，以及(Ii)汇编当地和区域尺度的古环境记录，从而了解过去的气候动态及其对陆地生态系统的影响，从而完成这项工作。这项研究中产生的数据集将有助于解决关于现代人起源的悬而未决的问题。他们还将使未来的研究跨越许多学科，包括考古学、古生物学、古生态学和古气候学。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This interdisciplinary project will examine the role of climate-driven environmental change in shaping the behavioral evolution of early modern humans. Scientists have long proposed that environmental pressures influenced complex behaviors that parallel those of recent hunter-gatherers. Yet, it has been challenging to identify cause-effect relationships in the archaeological record. These challenges stem from the rarity of precisely dated sites that preserve the archaeological and paleoenvironmental data needed to disentangle natural and human system interactions. This project will resolve this issue by assembling a diversity of high-resolution climatic, environmental, and archaeological datasets to understand the nature of the transition from Middle to Later Stone Age technologies. In addition to addressing fundamental questions about the emergence of behavioral complexity in Homo sapiens, this work builds U.S. scientific research capacity by fostering research links across networks of scholars, and providing a foundation for undergraduate and graduate student training.The transition from Middle to Later Stone Age technologies is one of the most prominent behavioral shifts observed in Homo sapiens’ evolutionary history. Understanding what precipitated this transition is closely intertwined with discussion and debates about the origins of modern human behavior. This project tests the hypothesis that the technological, dietary, and social shifts associated with the Middle to Later Stone Age transition result from climate-driven environmental change, specifically changes in the seasonal distribution of foods and other resources. This work will be accomplished through a combination of (i) archaeological excavations that will document behavioral change across the Middle to Later Stone Age transition, coupled with (ii) the assembly of both local- and regional-scale paleoenvironmental records that will inform on past climate dynamics and its effects on terrestrial ecosystems. The datasets generated in this study will contribute to unresolved questions about modern human origins. They will also enable future research across numerous disciplines, including archaeology, paleontology, paleoecology, and paleoclimatology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.