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Familiarity and Meaning in Visual Working Memory

视觉工作记忆的熟悉程度和意义

基本信息

批准号：
1829434
负责人：
Timothy Brady
金额：
$ 54.09万
依托单位：
University of California-San Diego
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-10-01 至 2022-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829434&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Familiarity Meaning Visual Working Memory

项目摘要

Visual working memory allows people to briefly hold visual information in awareness. Researchers investigating this memory system have found that people are capable of holding in mind very few objects at a time, and that this number is related to many different factors. The current research focuses on how factors such as background knowledge, familiarity and meaning affect visual working memory, as measured by the number of objects that are held. This work is expected to improve our understanding of visual skills such as those involved in driving and other complex tasks that require remembering and monitoring multiple objects. It is also expected that the work will inform the design of artificial displays and user interfaces.The current research aims to broadly understand how the working memory system is affected by background knowledge, familiarity and meaningfulness. In order to isolate the visual working memory system -- and separate it from other memory systems, like long-term memory -- a large amount of research focuses on working memory for simple shapes or colors. Such research allows us to isolate the contributions of visual working memory, but is not indicative of how we use our memory in the real world. This project will focus on understanding both the cognitive and neural mechanisms of visual working memory for meaningful objects more like those we encounter in our everyday life. In particular, we will use both behavioral manipulations designed to isolate working memory and a neural marker of brain activity measured with electroencephalography to track how much is held in visual working memory to measure memory capacity for meaningful objects. We will also employ a cognitive training paradigm designed to improve visual working memory capacity by creating new meaningful connections between objects. Overall, the goal of the research is to better understand how to measure and improve visual working memory for realistic and meaningful objects.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

视觉工作记忆允许人们在意识中短暂地保持视觉信息。研究人员发现，人们一次只能记住很少的物体，而且这个数字与许多不同的因素有关。目前的研究主要集中在背景知识、熟悉性和意义等因素如何影响视觉工作记忆，这些因素是以所持物体的数量来衡量的。这项工作有望提高我们对视觉技能的理解，例如驾驶和其他需要记住和监视多个物体的复杂任务。本研究的目的是广泛了解背景知识、熟悉度和意义感对工作记忆系统的影响。为了将视觉工作记忆系统与其他记忆系统（如长期记忆）分离开来，大量的研究集中在简单形状或颜色的工作记忆上。这样的研究使我们能够分离出视觉工作记忆的贡献，但并不能表明我们在真实的世界中如何使用我们的记忆。该项目将专注于理解视觉工作记忆的认知和神经机制，这些机制更像我们在日常生活中遇到的有意义的物体。特别是，我们将使用旨在隔离工作记忆的行为操作和脑电描记术测量的大脑活动的神经标记来跟踪视觉工作记忆中的内容，以测量有意义对象的记忆容量。我们还将采用一种认知训练范式，旨在通过在物体之间创建新的有意义的联系来提高视觉工作记忆能力。总的来说，这项研究的目标是更好地了解如何测量和改善视觉工作记忆的现实和有意义的物体。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准的支持。