Neurobiologically-informed risk assessment: An empirical examination

基于神经生物学的风险评估:实证检验

基本信息

项目摘要

The need to anticipate who will reoffend, relapse, or recover is an important responsibility of clinical and legal practitioners and a prerequisite for the provision of effective healthcare and social services to adjudicated individuals with different risk-needs. It is widely accepted that the brain plays an essential role in shaping antisocial behaviors, but the precise nature of these processes is poorly understood. Previous scholarship has raised the possibility that methods of assessing risk in adjudicated individuals could be improved by including measures of brain function along with traditional behavioral and social measures. This project examines whether the inclusion of noninvasive brain measures can enhance the ability to correctly distinguish between those inmates most and least likely to experience antisocial outcomes, such as rearrest. The project also supports the training and professional development of students in cognitive neuroscience. The results of this project are expected to support the development of clinical tools, procedures and treatments for assessing and remediating risk in forensic populations, thereby reducing the associated costs to society. The objectives of this project are achieved by conducting the first large, out-of-sample longitudinal test of a neurocognitive model of persistent antisocial behavior. The model is developed in a sample of 600 adult criminal offenders who have undergone task-driven functional magnetic resonance imaging and been assessed for reoffense risk 12 months following release from prison (the training sample). This model is then used to classify a separate sample of 100 criminal offenders who are similarly scanned, released, and followed (the testing sample). The project employs both theory-driven (null hypothesis testing of a neurocognitive model of impulse control) and data-driven (e.g., whole-brain machine learning classification) analytical approaches. This project will advance basic and clinical knowledge of how neurobiological and behavioral risk factors interact to produce antisocial behavior by characterizing their combined and relative utility in assessing risk. This knowledge can, in turn, be used to inform the development of treatment approaches that are more sensitive to individual defendants' unique risk needs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
需要预测谁会再次犯罪,复发,或恢复是临床和法律的从业者的重要责任和提供有效的医疗保健和社会服务的先决条件,以裁定个人不同的风险需求。人们普遍认为,大脑在形成反社会行为方面起着至关重要的作用,但人们对这些过程的确切性质知之甚少。先前的学术研究已经提出了一种可能性,即通过将脑功能的测量沿着传统的行为和社会测量,可以改进评估被判定个体风险的方法。该项目研究是否包括非侵入性的大脑措施可以提高正确区分那些囚犯最有可能和最不可能经历反社会的结果,如重新逮捕的能力。该项目还支持认知神经科学学生的培训和专业发展。预计该项目的成果将支持开发临床工具、程序和治疗方法,以评估和补救法医群体的风险,从而减少社会的相关成本。 该项目的目标是通过对持续反社会行为的神经认知模型进行首次大型、样本外纵向测试来实现的。该模型是在600名成年刑事犯的样本中开发的,这些成年刑事犯经历了任务驱动的功能磁共振成像,并在出狱后12个月(训练样本)评估了重新犯罪的风险。然后,这个模型被用来分类一个单独的样本100刑事罪犯谁是类似的扫描,释放,并遵循(测试样本)。该项目采用理论驱动(冲动控制的神经认知模型的零假设检验)和数据驱动(例如,全脑机器学习分类)分析方法。该项目将推进神经生物学和行为风险因素如何相互作用,以产生反社会行为的基础和临床知识,通过表征其在评估风险的组合和相对效用。这方面的知识,反过来,可以被用来通知治疗方法的发展,更敏感的个别被告的独特风险needs.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(2)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)

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Eyal Aharoni其他文献

Communicative Theories of Punishment and the Impact of Apology
惩罚的交际理论和道歉的影响
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2017
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Eddy A. Nahmias;Eyal Aharoni
  • 通讯作者:
    Eyal Aharoni
Evading Justice
逃避正义
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2013
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Eyal Aharoni;K. Kiehl
  • 通讯作者:
    K. Kiehl
Mind the gap: toward an integrative science of the brain and crime
  • DOI:
    10.1057/s41292-019-00167-3
  • 发表时间:
    2019-08-16
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.800
  • 作者:
    Eyal Aharoni;Nathaniel E. Anderson;J. C. Barnes;Corey H. Allen;Kent A. Kiehl
  • 通讯作者:
    Kent A. Kiehl
A Painful Message
一个痛苦的信息
  • DOI:
    10.1027/2151-2604/a000460
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Eyal Aharoni;D. Simpson;Eddy A. Nahmias;M. Gollwitzer
  • 通讯作者:
    M. Gollwitzer
Is sensitivity to injustice a precursor to anxiety? The moderating role of stress: Evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
对不公正的敏感是焦虑的先兆吗?压力的调节作用:来自横断面研究和纵向研究的证据
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.paid.2025.113190
  • 发表时间:
    2025-07-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.600
  • 作者:
    Xinyi Zhu;Jian Fang;Yiming Yu;Morris Hoffman;Eyal Aharoni;Qun Yang
  • 通讯作者:
    Qun Yang

Eyal Aharoni的其他文献

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