Drivers of coral and reef-scale calcification in the North Atlantic

北大西洋珊瑚和礁石钙化的驱动因素

• 批准号: 1829778
• 负责人: Andreas Andersson
• 金额: $ 26.55万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829778&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Drivers; coral; reef; scale; calcification

Millions of people around the world are dependent on the ecosystem services provided by coral reefs, which include the provision of nutrition, fishing, tourism, and protection from storms and waves. The foundation for these services is based on the basic principle that coral reefs maintain positive calcium carbonate accretion, which is facilitated by the production of calcium carbonate by corals and other marine calcifiers. For the past several decades, coral reef calcium carbonate production has declined in many reef systems throughout the world primarily due to coral bleaching, coral disease, and poor water quality. Current projections suggest that this production will continue to decline in response to future ocean warming and acidification. However, our knowledge of how environmental parameters control coral and reef-scale calcification rates in situ is not complete and limits our understanding of the underlying mechanisms for past and future changes in coral and reef-scale calcium carbonate production. Thus, the research proposed here seeks to quantify how coral calcification rates, determined from image analysis of coral cores collected in Bermuda, have varied as a function of environmental parameters across space and time. This analysis is made possible by the existence of time-series datasets of physical and chemical parameters offshore in the Sargasso Sea and inshore where the coral cores were collected. The combination of data will offer new insights to the environmental controls of coral and reef-scale calcification. Furthermore, the investigators will engage in educational field and classroom activities with Ocean Discovery Institute (ODI) in San Diego. ODI's mission is to engage, educate, and inspire youth from diverse backgrounds through scientific explorations of the ocean and nature, and specifically work with students from underserved communities. The research to be conducted here seeks to understand the relative importance of different environmental drivers of coral and reef-scale calcification on seasonal to interannual timescales. To accomplish this, the investigators will characterize the skeletal density, extension, and calcification rates of 42 coral cores extracted from three different species (Diploria labyrinthiformis, Pseudodiploria strigosa and Orbicella franksi) at five different sites from the Bermuda coral reef platform using computed tomography (CT) scanning techniques. Seasonal measurements of coral skeletal parameters will be analyzed in conjunction with a unique decadal time series of monthly resolved in situ seawater physical-biogeochemical parameters. The investigators will also conduct stable isotope and trace metal geochemical analyses (18O, 13C, Sr/Ca, Cd/Ca) of the coral skeleton to evaluate and construct additional proxy records of environmental conditions for the duration of the coral cores. This combination of coral growth, environmental, and geochemical datasets provides an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the relative importance of different environmental drivers on coral and reef-scale calcification rates between three dominant coral species along inshore-offshore gradients and over seasonal and interannual timescales. No such other datasets currently exist and the proposed research has strong potential to contribute to scientific advancement in several areas. The coral calcification record coupled with the geochemical proxies and the monthly in situ seawater biogeochemistry data will help to elucidate causal links between coral calcification and its environmental drivers, including interannual variability linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation. In addition, evaluation and validation of the trace metals and isotopic proxies in the context of the well-constrained environmental data have the potential to greatly assist the coral paleoceanography community in generating more robust reconstructions of past environmental conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

全世界数以百万计的人依赖珊瑚礁提供的生态系统服务，其中包括提供营养、渔业、旅游和免受风暴和海浪的保护。这些服务的基础是珊瑚礁保持正的碳酸钙积累的基本原则，这是由珊瑚和其他海洋钙化剂产生碳酸钙所促进的。在过去的几十年里，珊瑚礁碳酸钙的产量在世界各地的许多珊瑚礁系统中都有所下降，主要是由于珊瑚漂白、珊瑚疾病和糟糕的水质。目前的预测表明，这一产量将继续下降，以应对未来的海洋变暖和酸化。然而，我们对环境参数如何控制珊瑚和珊瑚礁规模的就地钙化速率的了解并不完整，并限制了我们对珊瑚和珊瑚礁规模碳酸钙生产过去和未来变化的潜在机制的理解。因此，这里提出的研究试图量化通过对百慕大收集的珊瑚岩芯进行图像分析而确定的珊瑚钙化率如何随环境参数在空间和时间上发生变化。由于在马尾藻海近海和收集珊瑚岩芯的近岸存在物理和化学参数的时间序列数据集，这一分析成为可能。这些数据的结合将为珊瑚和珊瑚礁规模的钙化的环境控制提供新的见解。此外，调查人员将与圣地亚哥的海洋探索研究所(ODI)一起开展教育领域和课堂活动。ODI的使命是通过对海洋和自然的科学探索来吸引、教育和激励来自不同背景的年轻人，特别是与来自服务不足社区的学生合作。将在这里进行的研究试图了解珊瑚和珊瑚礁规模钙化的不同环境驱动因素在季节和年际时间尺度上的相对重要性。为了实现这一目标，研究人员将利用计算机断层扫描(CT)技术，在百慕大珊瑚礁平台的五个不同地点，对来自三个不同物种(迷宫藻属、粗糙假珊瑚属和法兰克奥比氏菌)的42个珊瑚芯的骨骼密度、伸展和钙化率进行表征。对珊瑚骨骼参数的季节性测量将结合每月可在原地分辨的海水物理-生物地球化学参数的独特的十年时间序列进行分析。调查人员还将对珊瑚骨架进行稳定的同位素和痕量金属地球化学分析(18O、13C、锶/钙、镉/钙)，以评估和建立珊瑚核持续期间环境条件的更多替代记录。珊瑚生长、环境和地球化学数据的这种组合提供了一个前所未有的机会，可以评估不同环境驱动因素对沿近岸-近岸梯度以及在季节性和年际时间尺度上三种主要珊瑚物种之间珊瑚和珊瑚礁规模钙化速率的相对重要性。目前没有这样的其他数据集，拟议的研究具有极大的潜力，有助于在几个领域的科学进步。珊瑚钙化记录加上地球化学指标和每月的现场海水生物地球化学数据，将有助于阐明珊瑚钙化与其环境驱动因素之间的因果联系，包括与北大西洋涛动有关的年际变化。此外，在严格约束的环境数据背景下对痕量金属和同位素替代物的评估和验证有可能极大地帮助珊瑚古海洋学社区对过去的环境条件进行更稳健的重建。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Lateral, Vertical, and Temporal Variability of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry at Hog Reef, Bermuda

百慕大猪礁海水碳酸盐化学的横向、垂直和时间变化

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.562267
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Pezner, Ariel K.;Courtney, Travis A.;Page, Heather N.;Giddings, Sarah N.;Beatty, Cory M.;DeGrandpre, Michael D.;Andersson, Andreas J.
• 通讯作者: Andersson, Andreas J.

Increasing hypoxia on global coral reefs under ocean warming

• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01619-2
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Nature Climate Change
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: A. K. Pezner;T. Courtney;H. Barkley;W. Chou;H. Chu;Samantha M. Clements;Tyler J. Cyronak;M. DeGrandpre;S. Kekuewa;D. Kline;Yi-Bei Liang;T. Martz;S. Mitarai;Heather N. Page;M. S. Rintoul;J. Smith;K. Soong;Y. Takeshita;M. Tresguerres;Yi Wei;K. Yates;A. Andersson