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Collaborative Research: Teasing apart coexisting cyanobacteria in the Laurentian Great Lakes

合作研究：梳理劳伦森五大湖中共存的蓝藻

基本信息

批准号：
1830011
负责人：
Maureen Coleman
金额：
$ 69.82万
依托单位：
University of Chicago
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1830011&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Teasing apart coexisting

项目摘要

The Laurentian Great Lakes hold 20% of our planet's surface freshwater and 84% of US surface freshwater, comprising the largest freshwater ecosystem on Earth. They provide critical ecosystem services such as fisheries and recreation, and serve as the drinking water source to 40 million people. In recent decades, the Great Lakes have experienced significant environmental changes, such as nutrient pollution and invasive species, that have altered water chemistry and food web structure. In particular, the base of the food web has changed dramatically. Annual spring phytoplankton blooms have largely disappeared in Lakes Michigan and Huron, while toxic cyanobacterial blooms have increased in Lake Erie. The microorganisms that make up the base of the food web in the Great Lakes are poorly understood and play critical roles in regulating water quality and ecosystem productivity. This project characterizes single-celled cyanobacteria across the Laurentian Great Lakes to understand their genetic diversity and ecology. The investigators are working with local high schools on Chicago's south side to develop teaching modules about the role of microorganisms in the health of the Great Lakes. Local high school teachers will be engaged to design lessons about aquatic microbial ecology, with the goal of increasing Great Lakes literacy and STEM participation in Chicago's impoverished and diverse south side communities. Picocyanobacteria contribute up to 50% of primary production in some portions of the Laurentian Great Lakes. However, little is known about their population structure and dynamics, or about factors shaping their abundance and activity. Understanding controls on picocyanobacterial diversity and function is crucial for developing predictive biogeochemical models for the Great Lakes in the face of rapid environmental change. Multiple phylogenetic groups of coexisting picocyanobacteria in the Great Lakes have recently been identified, and this project characterizes their genetic, physiological, and ecological diversity. Using a combination of flow cytometry and molecular sequencing approaches, distinct populations are being quantified across lakes, depths, and seasons, and comparative genomics is being used to reveal how pathways and genes are distributed across taxa and habitats. Quantitative transcriptomics and proteomics are being used to diagnose environmental controls on gene expression and to assess the relative activity of distinct populations. Ongoing time series data and archived samples are being combined with targeted sampling aboard the R/V Blue Heron. This project advances our knowledge of the Great Lakes microbial food web by generating the first systematic picture of picocyanobacterial diversity in this ecosystem.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

劳伦森五大湖拥有地球上20%的地表淡水和美国84%的地表淡水，构成了地球上最大的淡水生态系统。它们提供重要的生态系统服务，如渔业和娱乐，并为4000万人提供饮用水源。近几十年来，五大湖经历了重大的环境变化，如营养物污染和入侵物种，改变了水化学和食物网结构。特别是，食物网的基础发生了巨大的变化。密歇根湖和休伦湖每年春季的浮游植物大量繁殖已经基本消失，而伊利湖的有毒蓝藻大量繁殖却在增加。人们对构成五大湖食物网基础的微生物知之甚少，它们在调节水质和生态系统生产力方面发挥着关键作用。该项目描述了劳伦森五大湖的单细胞蓝藻，以了解它们的遗传多样性和生态。调查人员正在与芝加哥南部的当地高中合作，开发有关微生物在五大湖健康中的作用的教学模块。当地高中教师将参与设计有关水生微生物生态学的课程，目标是在芝加哥贫困和多样化的南部社区提高五大湖的识字率和STEM参与。在劳伦森五大湖的某些地区，花青菌占初级产量的50%。然而，人们对它们的种群结构和动态知之甚少，也不知道影响它们数量和活动的因素。了解对花青菌多样性和功能的控制对于在面临快速环境变化的情况下开发预测五大湖生物地球化学模型至关重要。最近在五大湖中发现了共存的多个系统发育类群，该项目表征了它们的遗传、生理和生态多样性。利用流式细胞术和分子测序相结合的方法，不同的种群在湖泊、深度和季节被量化，比较基因组学被用来揭示途径和基因是如何在分类群和栖息地分布的。定量转录组学和蛋白质组学被用于诊断基因表达的环境控制和评估不同种群的相对活性。正在进行的时间序列数据和存档样本正在与蓝苍鹭号上的目标采样相结合。该项目通过生成该生态系统中picocyanobacteri多样性的第一张系统图片，提高了我们对五大湖微生物食物网的认识。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。