LTER: Georgia Coastal Ecosystems - IV

LTER：乔治亚州沿海生态系统 - IV

• 批准号: 1832178
• 负责人: Merryl Alber
• 金额: $ 676.2万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1832178&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Georgia; Coastal; Ecosystems; IV

The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, based at the University of Georgia Marine Institute on Sapelo Island, Georgia, was established in 2000 to study long-term change in coastal ecosystems. Estuaries (places where salt water from the ocean mixes with fresh water from the land) and their adjacent marshes provide food and refuge for fish, shellfish and birds; protect the shoreline from storms; help to keep the water clean; and store carbon. The GCE LTER researchers study marshes and estuaries to understand how these ecosystems function, to track how they change over time, and to predict how they might be affected by future changes in climate and human activities. They accomplish this by tracking the major factors that can cause long-term change in coastal areas (e.g. sea level, rainfall, upstream development), and measuring the effects of these factors on the study site. They also conduct focused studies to assess how key marsh habitats will respond to major changes expected in the future, including large-scale experiments to evaluate the effects of a) increases in the salinity of the water that floods freshwater marshes (mimicking drought and/or sea level rise), b) changes in water runoff from land into the upland marsh border (mimicking drought or upland development), and c) exclusion of larger organisms in the salt marsh (mimicking long-term declines in predators). During this award they will initiate additional studies to systematically evaluate how coastal wetlands respond to disturbances. Disturbances, or disruptions in the environment, are particularly important to understand in the context of long-term background changes such as increasing sea level, and GCE researchers are working to assess the cumulative effects of multiple disturbances on the landscape. The GCE education and outreach program works to share an understanding of coastal ecosystems with teachers and students, coastal managers, citizen scientist and the general public.The GCE-LTER project has four goals. 1) Track environmental and human drivers that can cause perturbations in our focal ecosystems. This will be accomplished this through continuing long-term measurements of climate, water chemistry, oceanic exchange, and human activities on the landscape. 2) Describe temporal and spatial variability in physical, chemical, geological and biological characteristics of the study system (coastal wetland complexes) and how they respond to external drivers. This will be accomplished through field monitoring in combination with remote sensing and modeling. 3) Characterize the ecological responses of intertidal marshes to disturbance. This will be accomplished by ongoing monitoring and experimental work to evaluate system responses to major perturbations in three key marsh habitats (changes in inundation and predator exclusion in Spartina-dominated salt marshes; increases in salinity in fresh marshes; changes in runoff in high marshes), by implementing standardized experimental disturbances along salinity and elevation gradients, and by tracking responses to natural disturbances. 4) Evaluate ecosystem properties at the landscape level (habitat distribution, net and gross primary production, C budgets) and assess the cumulative effects of disturbance on these properties. The project will also develop relationships between drivers and response variables, which can be used to predict the effects of future changes. This will be accomplished through a combination of data synthesis, remote sensing and modeling. The GCE "Schoolyard" program provides K-12 teachers with research experience that they use to develop classroom activities. The GCE will distribute a popular children's book (now in its second edition) with accompanying lesson plans, and will produce a comic book with associated educational content. They will promote two citizen science web applications focused on the salt marsh. The GCE will provide research opportunities through internships for a diverse group of undergraduates, and will run web-based courses that provide interdisciplinary training for graduate students. The GCE will partner with the Georgia Coastal Research Council to exchange information with managers and promote science-based management of coastal resources. GCE data, reports and other information is broadly available on the GCE website.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

格鲁吉亚沿海生态系统（GCE）长期生态研究（LTER）计划，总部设在格鲁吉亚萨佩洛岛的格鲁吉亚海洋研究所大学，成立于2000年，研究沿海生态系统的长期变化。河口（来自海洋的盐水与来自陆地的淡水混合的地方）及其邻近的沼泽地为鱼类，贝类和鸟类提供食物和避难所;保护海岸线免受风暴的影响;有助于保持水的清洁;并储存碳。GCE LTER的研究人员研究沼泽和河口，以了解这些生态系统如何运作，跟踪它们如何随着时间的推移而变化，并预测它们可能如何受到未来气候和人类活动变化的影响。他们通过跟踪可能导致沿海地区长期变化的主要因素（例如海平面、降雨量、上游开发），并测量这些因素对研究地点的影响来实现这一目标。他们还进行重点研究，以评估关键的沼泽栖息地将如何应对未来预期的重大变化，包括大规模实验，以评估a）淹没淡水沼泽的水的盐度增加的影响（模拟干旱和/或海平面上升），B）从陆地流入高地沼泽边界的水径流的变化（模仿干旱或高地发展），以及c）在盐沼中排除较大的生物（模仿捕食者的长期减少）。在此期间，他们将启动更多的研究，系统地评估沿海湿地如何应对干扰。在海平面上升等长期背景变化的背景下，对环境的干扰或破坏进行理解尤为重要，GCE研究人员正在努力评估多种干扰对景观的累积影响。GCE教育和推广计划致力于与教师和学生，沿海管理人员，公民科学家和公众分享对沿海生态系统的理解。GCE-LTER项目有四个目标。1)跟踪可能导致我们重点生态系统扰动的环境和人类驱动因素。这将通过持续长期测量气候、水化学、海洋交换和人类活动对景观的影响来实现。2)描述研究系统（沿海湿地综合体）的物理、化学、地质和生物特征的时间和空间变异性，以及它们如何对外部驱动因素做出反应。这将通过实地监测结合遥感和建模来实现。3)描述潮间带沼泽对干扰的生态反应。这将通过不断的监测和实验工作来完成，以评估系统对三个关键沼泽生境的重大扰动的反应（在米草为主的盐沼中淹没和捕食者排斥的变化;新鲜沼泽中盐度的增加;高沼泽中径流的变化），通过实施标准化的实验扰动沿着盐度和海拔梯度，并通过跟踪对自然扰动的反应。4)在景观水平上评估生态系统特性（生境分布、净初级生产力和总初级生产力、碳收支），并评估干扰对这些特性的累积影响。该项目还将发展驱动因素和反应变量之间的关系，可用于预测未来变化的影响。这将通过数据综合、遥感和建模相结合来实现。GCE“校园”计划为K-12教师提供研究经验，用于开发课堂活动。教育总局将分发一本带有教学计划的受欢迎的儿童读物（现已出版第二版），并将制作一本带有相关教育内容的漫画书。他们将推广两个以盐沼为重点的公民科学网络应用程序。GCE将通过实习为不同的本科生群体提供研究机会，并将运行基于网络的课程，为研究生提供跨学科的培训。GCE将与格鲁吉亚海岸研究理事会合作，与管理人员交流信息，促进以科学为基础的沿海资源管理。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Spatio‐temporal changes in dissolved organic matter composition along the salinity gradient of a marsh‐influenced estuarine complex

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11857
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Maria L. Letourneau;Sylvia C. Schaefer;Huan Chen;A. McKenna;M. Alber;P. Medeiros

Assessing the Contribution of Seasonality, Tides, and Microbial Processing to Dissolved Organic Matter Composition Variability in a Southeastern U.S. Estuary

评估季节性、潮汐和微生物处理对美国东南部河口溶解有机物成分变化的影响

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.781580
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Martineac, Rachel P.;Vorobev, Alexey V.;Moran, Mary Ann;Medeiros, Patricia M.
• 通讯作者: Medeiros, Patricia M.

Responses of a tidal freshwater marsh plant community to chronic and pulsed saline intrusion

潮汐淡水沼泽植物群落对慢性和脉冲盐水入侵的响应

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13885
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Li, Fan;Angelini, Christine;Byers, James E.;Craft, Christopher;Pennings, Steven C.
• 通讯作者: Pennings, Steven C.

Dynamic emergent leaf area in tidal wetlands: Implications for satellite-derived regional and global blue carbon estimates

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113553
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Remote Sensing of Environment
• 影响因子: 13.5
• 作者: P. Hawman;D. Mishra;Jessica L. O’Connell

Top ten priorities for global saltmarsh restoration, conservation and ecosystem service research

全球盐沼恢复、保护和生态系统服务研究的十大优先事项

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165544
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Science of The Total Environment
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Pétillon, Julien;McKinley, Emma;Alexander, Meghan;Adams, Janine B.;Angelini, Christine;Balke, Thorsten;Griffin, John N.;Bouma, Tjeerd;Hacker, Sally;He, Qiang
• 通讯作者: He, Qiang