Doctoral Dissertation Research: Landscape Structure, Macroregional Interaction, and Variation among Mississippian Chiefdoms of the Interior Coastal Plain, Georgia

博士论文研究:佐治亚州内陆沿海平原密西西比酋长管辖区的景观结构、宏观区域相互作用和变化

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0340675
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.2万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2003-11-01 至 2004-10-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Under the supervision of Dr. Paul R. Fish, John F. Chamblee will conduct an archaeological survey in the Chickasawhatchee Swamp of southwestern Georgia. From approximately A.D. 1000 - 1600, the area was home to one or more chiefdoms. Chiefdoms are societies whose members are ruled by a person or group with inherited leadership rights. Such inheritances are often seen as being divinely sanctioned. Unlike kingdoms or states, chiefdoms are generally organized without standing armies, formal literacy, or a bureaucracy. Chiefs instead govern through the strength of their personalities as well as through their ability to attract followers using a combination of exotic gifts, surplus food, and limited physical force. Chiefdoms were prevalent throughout the southeastern United States during the first half of the last millennium, but the Chickasawhatchee chiefdoms are unusual among them in terms of their geographic location. These societies are not located in a coastal region or along a major river, as are most other chiefdoms in southeastern United States. In addition, the Chickasawhatchee Swamp is located between no less than nine other contemporaneous societies in neighboring regions - some of which were chiefdoms and some of which were not. Analysis of survey data will allow for a greater understanding of the ways in which the natural environment and interactions between neighboring societies contribute to variation among chiefdoms.Research on chiefdoms is important because it allows us to understand political power at the level of face-to-face interaction and in the absence of the more complex institutions common in states. While archaeologists cannot document interactions the way ethnographers might, we can see the long-term consequences of strategies used repeatedly by chiefs as they attempted to consolidate and maintain power. Monuments like earthen mounds are indicators of the ability to mobilize labor in public projects. The dispersed swamp resources discouraged compact villages, making labor mobilization by chiefs more difficult. Documentation of mound size and surrounding villages, as well as nearby small family settlements, will provide a basis for understanding the kinds of opportunities available to chiefs in such a natural setting.Items like coastal shell, stone tools made from non-local materials, and decorated pottery are all evidence that chiefs traded with outsiders in order to provide rewards for loyal followers. By analyzing these items, one can gain insights into the relationships between the chiefdoms of the Chickasawhatchee and their neighbors in other regions. The artifact chronology developed during data analysis will be used to trace the growth, maintenance, and eventual decline of the Chickasawhatchee chiefdoms. Comparing this history to that of neighboring regions will provide clues as to the possibility of inter-regional trade, warfare, and other kinds of social interaction. This project will have an impact outside the scientific community. Undergraduate volunteers will be trained in fieldwork techniques, as will local volunteers. In addition, very little archaeological research has occurred in southwestern Georgia, while commercial artifact prospecting is on the rise. As a result, the general public in not aware of either of the importance of archaeological site preservation, or the history these sites represent. Lectures are planned at civic organizations, schools, and relevant government agencies. Outreach to local collectors will encourage them to share information with archaeologists. Since much of the research is being conducted on private land, reports on the excavations will be provided to landowners.
在保罗·R·菲什博士的监督下,约翰·F·钱布利将在佐治亚州西南部的奇卡萨奇沼泽进行一次考古调查。从大约公元1000年至1600年,该地区是一个或多个酋长王国的所在地。酋长王国是指其成员由继承了领导权的个人或团体统治的社会。这样的遗产通常被视为受到神明的批准。与王国或国家不同,酋长通常是在没有常备军、正规文化或官僚机构的情况下建立起来的。相反,酋长们通过个性的力量以及利用异国情调的礼物、剩余的食物和有限的体力来吸引追随者的能力来治理国家。在上个千年的前半个世纪里,酋长领地在美国东南部盛行,但从地理位置来看,奇卡萨奇酋长领地在他们中是不寻常的。这些社团不像美国东南部的大多数其他酋长领地那样位于沿海地区或沿着一条主要河流。此外,奇卡萨奇沼泽位于邻近地区不少于九个同时代的社会之间--其中一些是酋长领地,另一些不是。对调查数据的分析将使我们更好地了解自然环境和邻近社会之间的互动是如何导致酋长之间的差异的。关于酋长的研究很重要,因为它允许我们在面对面互动的层面上理解政治权力,而不是在国家中常见的更复杂的机构的情况下。虽然考古学家不能像人种学家那样记录相互作用,但我们可以看到酋长们在试图巩固和维持权力时反复使用的策略的长期后果。像土丘这样的纪念碑是在公共项目中调动劳动力的能力的指标。分散的沼泽资源阻碍了紧凑的村庄,使酋长更难动员劳动力。对土丘大小和周围村庄以及附近小家族聚落的记录,将为了解酋长在这样的自然环境中可以获得的机会提供基础。海岸贝壳、外地材料制成的石器和装饰陶器都是酋长与外人交易以奖励忠实追随者的证据。通过对这些物品的分析,人们可以深入了解ChickasaWhatchee的酋长与其他地区邻居之间的关系。在数据分析过程中开发的文物年表将被用来追踪ChickasaWhatchee酋长王国的发展、维持和最终的衰落。将这段历史与邻近地区的历史进行比较,将为地区间贸易、战争和其他类型的社会互动的可能性提供线索。这个项目将在科学界之外产生影响。本科生志愿者将接受实地工作技术培训,当地志愿者也将接受培训。此外,佐治亚州西南部的考古研究很少,而商业文物勘探正在兴起。因此,普通公众既没有意识到考古遗址保护的重要性,也没有意识到这些遗址所代表的历史。计划在公民组织、学校和相关政府机构举办讲座。与当地收藏家的接触将鼓励他们与考古学家分享信息。由于大部分研究是在私人土地上进行的,有关挖掘的报告将提供给土地所有者。

项目成果

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Paul Fish其他文献

Paul Fish的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Paul Fish', 18)}}的其他基金

Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Traders and Farmers: The Multi-Settlement Community Organization in the Rio Sonora Region, Mexico
博士论文改进补助金:商人和农民:墨西哥里约索诺拉地区的多聚居社区组织
  • 批准号:
    1157690
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.2万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Macroregional Interactions at the Onavas Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the late Pre-Hispanic Period
博士论文研究:前西班牙时期晚期墨西哥索诺拉州奥纳瓦斯山谷的宏观区域相互作用
  • 批准号:
    0424743
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.2万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Power and Economy at the Marana Mound Site: Structure of an Early Classic Center Near Tucson, Arizona
合作研究:马拉纳土丘遗址的电力和经济:亚利桑那州图森附近早期经典中心的结构
  • 批准号:
    0078452
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.2万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: El Ombligo Archaeology
博士论文研究:El Ombligo 考古学
  • 批准号:
    9523744
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.2万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Hohokam Ceramic Production, Distribution and Consumption
论文研究:Hohokam 陶瓷生产、分销和消费
  • 批准号:
    9400239
  • 财政年份:
    1994
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.2万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Regional Patterns of Prehistoric Agricultural Production in The Tucson Basin, Arizona
亚利桑那州图森盆地史前农业生产的区域模式
  • 批准号:
    8408141
  • 财政年份:
    1984
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.2万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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